一国两制，三个代表，八荣八耻，四个全面......咱们国家带数字的政治术语可真不少，同时这也显示了咱们汉语的简洁明了，简短的四个字就能概括好几句话的政策阐述。小编在此整理了相关知识，快来看看吧!
一国两制 One Country, Two Systems
“一国两制”是中华人民共和国前任领导人邓小平为了实现中国统一的目标而创造的方针，是中华人民共和国政府在台湾问题上的主要方针，也即香港、澳门两个特别行政区所采用的制度。
There should only be one China, but the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, once reunified with the rest of the country, could retain their original economic and political systems while other parts keep pursuing socialism.
只有一个中国，但是香港、澳门和台湾地区与祖国统一后可以继续保留其原来的经济和政治制度，内地继续实行社会主义制度。
“两个一百年”奋斗目标 Two Centenary Goals
“两个一百年”奋斗目标在十五大报告中首次提出，党的十八大报告中再次得到重申。
To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。
“三步走”战略 Three-Step Development Strategy
这是1987年10月党的十三大提出的中国经济建设分的总体战略部署。
Originally floated by the central government in 1987, the first step was to double the GNP of 1980 by 1990 and to ensure that most of the population had enough food and clothing. The second step was to double the annual GNP of 1990 by 2000 and ensure that most people were living prosperous lives. The third step is to quadruple the GNP of 2000 by 2020, ensure that most people are living well-off lives and have a fully operational market economy in China.
1987年由中央政府提出，第一步目标，1980年到1990年实现国民生产总值比1980年翻一番，解决人民的温饱问题;第二步目标，到2000年国民生产总值比1990年增长一倍，大部分人民生活达到小康水平;第三步目标，到2020年，国民生产总值比2000年翻两番，人民生活比较富裕，市场经济全面发展。
三个代表 Three Represents
“三个代表”重要思想是江泽民同志2000年2月25日在广东省考察工作时提出的，从全面总结党的历史经验和如何适应新形势新任务的要求出发，首次对“三个代表”重要思想进行了比较全面的阐述。
The Communist Party of China (CPC) should "represent the development trend of China's most advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's most advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people".
中国共产党要始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，始终代表中国先进文化的前进方向，始终代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。
三严三实 Three stricts and three honests
2014年3月9日，习近平总书记在中华人民共和国第十二届全国人民代表大会第二次会议安徽代表团参加审议时，关于推进作风建设的讲话中，提到“既严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实”的重要论述，称为“三严三实”讲话。
"Three stricts and three honests," The slogan refers to: "be strict in morals, power and disciplining oneself; be honest in decisions, business and behavior."
“三严三实”指的是，“既严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实”。
“四个全面”战略布局 Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy
2014年11月，习近平到福建考察调研时提出了“协调推进全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面推进依法治国进程”的“三个全面”。2014年12月在江苏调研时则将“三个全面”上升到了“四个全面”。
To make comprehensive moves to:
1) finish building a moderately prosperous society; 全面建成小康社会
2) deepen reform; 全面深化改革
3) advance the law-based governance of China; 全面依法治国
4) strengthen Party self-discipline. 全面从严治党。
四个现代化 Four modernizations
1954年召开的第一届全国人民代表大会，第一次明确的提出要实现工业、农业、交通运输业和国防的四个现代化的任务，1956年又一次把这一任务列入党的八大所通过的党章中。
the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology
农业现代化，工业现代化，国防现代化，科技现代化
四项基本原则 The Four Cardinal Principles
1979年3月30日，邓小平代表中共中央在北京召开的理论工作务虚会上作了题为《坚持四项基本原则》的讲话。邓小平在讲话中提出必须坚持的“四项基本原则”。
The Four Cardinal Principles to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought are the foundation on which to build the country.
坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想
和平共处五项原则 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
和平共处五项原则于1953年底由周恩来总理在接见印度代表团时第一次提出，是在建立各国间正常关系及进行交流合作时应遵循的基本原则。
Respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of each other, not to invade the soil of each other, do not interfere in each other's internal affairs, the ties should be equally based, and mutually beneficial for the two countries to coexist peacefully
互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处
五讲四美三热爱 5 stresses, 4 beauties and 3 loves
“五讲四美三热爱”为20世纪80年代最数字化的经典口号，是中国共青团在中国共产党的指引下，在新的历史时期首创的群众性活动。
stress on decorum ,stress on manners, stress on hygiene, stress on discipline, stress on morals
讲文明，讲礼貌，讲卫生，讲秩序，讲道德
beauty of the mind, beauty of the language, beauty of the behavior, beauty of the environment
心灵美，语言美，行为美，环境美
love of the motherland, love of the socialism, love of the Chinese Communist Party
热爱祖国，热爱社会主义，热爱中国共产党
八荣八耻 eight-honor and eight-shame
“八荣八耻”社会主义荣辱价值观是胡锦涛同志于2006年3月4日下午在第十届中国人民政治协商会议第四次会议的民盟、民进联组会上发表的“关于树立社会主义荣辱观”的讲话中提出的。
honor to those who love the motherland, and shame on those who harm the motherland
以热爱祖国为荣、以危害祖国为耻，
honor to those who serve the people, and shame on those who betray the people
以服务人民为荣、以背离人民为耻，
honor to those who quest for science, and shame on those who refuse to be educated
以崇尚科学为荣、以愚昧无知为耻，
honor to those who are hardworking, and shame on those who indulge in comfort and hate work
以辛勤劳动为荣、以好逸恶劳为耻，
honor to those who help each other, and shame on those who seek gains at the expense of others
以团结互助为荣、以损人利己为耻，
honor to those who are trustworthy, and shame on those who trade integrity for profits
以诚实守信为荣、以见利忘义为耻，
honor to those who abide by law and discipline, and shame on those who break laws and disciplines
以遵纪守法为荣、以违法乱纪为耻，
honor to those who uphold plain living and hard struggle, and shame on those who wallow in extravagance and pleasures
以艰苦奋斗为荣、以骄奢淫逸为耻。
重要政治文件中的常用术语
中文 | 英文 |
“四个全面”战略布局 【释义】全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。 | Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to: 1) finish building a moderately prosperous society; 2) deepen reform; 3) advance the law-based governance of China; and 4) strengthen Party self-discipline. |
“两个一百年”奋斗目标 【释义】在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。 | Two Centenary Goals The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049. |
三期叠加 | simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies |
双目标 【例】保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。 | dual objectives We must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high rate of growth and moving toward a medium-high level of development. |
双引擎 【例】打造大众创业、万众创新和增加公共产品、公共服务双引擎。 | twin engines We need to develop twin engines – popular entrepreneurship and innovation, and greater supplies of public goods and services – to drive development. |
新常态 【例】经济发展进入新常态，精神面貌要有新状态。 | new normal China’s economic development has entered a new normal, meaning we must adopt a new mindset. |
高压态势 【例】始终保持反腐高压态势，对腐败分子零容忍、严查处。 | tough stance Our tough stance on corruption is here to stay; our tolerance for corruption is zero, and anyone guilty of corruption will be dealt with severely. |
硬骨头 【例】啃了不少硬骨头 | tough issue We tackled many tough issues. |
拦路虎 【例】体制机制弊端和结构性矛盾是“拦路虎”。 | tiger in the road Institutional and structural problems have become “tigers in the road” holding up development. |
扶上马、送一程 【例】中小微企业大有可为，要扶上马、送一程。 | give (sb) a leg up to get (sb) going Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going. |
创客 【例】众多“创客” 脱颖而出。 | maker We have seen great numbers of makers giving expression to their talents. |
众创空间 【例】发展众创空间 | maker space develop maker spaces |
中国制造2025 | Made in China 2025 strategy |
“互联网+”行动计划 | Internet Plus Action Plan |
普惠金融 | inclusive finance |
税收法定原则 | principle of law-based taxation |
保持战略定力 | maintain strategic focus |
经济行稳致远 | maintain sustainable economic growth |
强农惠农富农 | strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards |
健康稳定的大国关系框架 | a sound and stable framework for major-country relations |
为公平竞争搭好舞台 | level the playing field for fair competition |
织密织牢民生保障网 | develop a tightly woven and sturdy safety net |
让更多的金融活水流向实体经济 | allow more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy |
从制造大国转向制造强国 | transform China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality |
加强国际传播能力建设 | improve our ability to communicate effectively with international audiences |
结构性减税和普遍性降费 | make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board |
精准扶贫、精准脱贫 | take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty |
以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力 | invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure |
保基本、兜底线、建机制 | build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make due institutional arrangements |
有权不可任性 | Power is not to be used arbitrarily. |
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