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英语阅读题历史文化模块训练
历史文化1
Themodern British Empire first took shape in the early 17th century，with theBritish settlement of the eastern colonies of North America，which would laterbecome the original United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and thecolonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad andTobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，and Jamaica.
Thesesugar plantation islands，where slavery became the basis of the economy，were atfirst Britain's most important and successful colonies.The American coloniesproviding tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs inthe north were less financially successful，but had large areas of goodagricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants.
Britain'sAmerican empire was slowly expanded by war and colonization.The ever growingAmerican colonies pressed westward in search of new agricultural lands.Conflictarose with the Dutch over trade and empire; First Anglo?Dutch War (1652～1654);Second Anglo?Dutch War (1665～1667); Third Anglo?Dutch War (1672～1674); Britaingained control of New Amsterdam，which was renamed New York，but cededSuriname.They defeated the French，first expanding their hold over the maritimeprovinces.Then during the Seven Years War the British defeated the French at thePlains of Abraham and captured all of New France in 1760.This gave Britaincontrol over almost all of North America.Fourth Anglo?Dutch War (1780～1784);Anglo?Dutch Treaty of 1814;Anglo?Dutch Treaty of 1824.
Inthe late eighteenth and early nineteenth century a series of technologicaladvances led to the Industrial Revolution.Britain's position as the world'spre?eminent trader helped fund research and experimentation.The nation was alsogifted by some of the world's greatest reserves of coal，the main fuel of the newrevolution.
Notes：
①navaladj.海的 ②cede vt.放弃 ③treaty n.条约
④pre?eminentadj.卓越的;优秀的
长短句分析：TheAmerican colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and navalmaterial and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had largeareas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of Britishimmigrants.
句法点睛：本句中，“providingtobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in thenorth”为定语，修饰colonies;but连接两个谓语。
句意：美洲的殖民地，南方提供了烟草、棉花、水稻，北方提供了海产品和皮毛，这从经济上不是很成功，但是肥沃的农业用地吸引了大量的英国移民。
【语篇解读】现代大不列颠帝国的雏形开始于17世纪，当时英国占领了现在美国、加拿大临海的一些省份以及北美一些岛屿国家的地方。英国进行了残酷的殖民统治，从当地人手中夺取了大量的土地。南方为英国人提供烟草、棉花和水稻，而北方则提供大量的优质农业用地。经过多年的战争，英国人从法国人手中夺取了土地，并与当地人签署协议，成为合法的土地使用者。这里的煤炭为18世纪晚期和19世纪早期的工业革命提供了能源保证。
1.Wheredid the British first settle when they first came to America in the 17thcentury?
A.Onlythe United States.
B.Notonly the United States but also parts of other countries.
C.Thewhole of Canada.
D.Smallislands.
答案 B [细节理解题。由“theoriginal United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and thecolonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad andTobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，andJamaica”可知，当时英国占领的不仅仅是美国，还占领了加拿大的临海省份，以及一些岛屿国家。]
2.Accordingto the passage what in America made the British interested most?
A.Tobacco，cotton，andrice.
B.Navalmaterial and furs.
C.Agreat deal of good farmland.
D.Forests.
答案 C [联系第二段中的“navalmaterial and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had largeareas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of Britishimmigrants”可知，英国移民看上的不是海产品和皮毛，而是大量的肥沃土地。]
3.Whatdoes the underlined word “pressed” mean in the third paragraph?
A.Touched.B.Pushed. C.Published. D.Extended.
答案 D [词义猜测题。联系“westwardin search of new agricultural lands”可知，这些殖民者向西扩张以寻求更多的土地，因此D项最合适。]
4.Howmany years was it from the first war with Anglo to the end of the last war inhistory?
A.132years. B.162 years.C.172 years. D.108 years.
答案 A [推理判断题。第一次战争开始于1652年，而最后一次战争结束于1784年，因此得出答案A。]
历史文化2
Culturehelps human societies survive in changing natural environments.For example，theend of the last Ice Age，beginning about 15,000 years ago，brought an enormouschallenge to which humans had to adapt.Before this time，large parts of thenorthern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much ofthe earth's water.In North America，large animals that roamed the vast tundraprovided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters.Whenthe earth became warm，large Ice Age animals disappeared，and many land areas weresubmerged by rising sea levels from melting ice.But people survived.Theydeveloped new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animalspecies.Finally some people settled into permanent villages，durable houses andfarms.
Culturaladaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on theplanet.Through history，major developments in technology，medicine，and nutritionhave allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever?increasing numbers.Theglobal population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billiontoday.
However，thesuccesses of culture can also create problems in the long run.Over the last 200years，people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energyand to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes.The globalpopulation now consumes some crucial natural resources—such aspetroleum，wood，and mineral ores—faster than nature can produce them.Manyscientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producingwastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possiblyharmful ways.Thus，the adaptive success of the present?day global culture ofproduction and commerce may be temporary.
Notes：
tundran.冰原;苔原 ②submerge vt.淹没
③crucialadj.关键的 ④ore n.矿
长短句分析：Manyscientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producingwastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possiblyharmful ways.
句法点睛：这是个主从复合句。Manyscientists believe为主句部分，in the process of burning fuels and producingwastes为宾语从句的时间状语，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable andpossibly harmful ways为宾语从句的主干部分。
句意：很多科学家认为，在燃料燃烧和产生垃圾的过程中，人们可能正以无法预测的，甚至是有害的方式改变着全球的气候。
【语篇解读】本文为议论文。文章论述了人类在适应自然环境得到了飞速发展的同时，也带来了系列问题：人类的过度发展破环了自然，以至给人类自己带来了灾难。
1.Whatdoes the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A.Howthe human being survived in the Ice Age.
B.Whatthe situation was during the Ice Age.
C.Whatcaused the Ice Age to come to an end.
D.Whythe Ice Age was very important.
答案 A [主旨大意题。虽然冰川融化，人类食物链遭到破坏，但由于人类具有认识和使用新技术的能力而得以存活，并发展状大。]
2.Thepassage doesn't tell the readers ________.
A.whatcaused the earth to become warm
B.whenthe ending of the Ice Age began
C.thepopulation of the Ice Age
D.theproblem of cultural adaptation
答案 A [细节理解题。短文没有论及地球变暖的原因。]
3.Whichis the problem of cultural adaption?
A.Avery developed culture came into being.
B.Toomuch species have been endangered.
C.Theworld has become too crowded.
D.Humanactivities have made damage to the balance of nature.
答案 D [细节理解题。人类过量使用自然资源而破坏了生态平衡。]
4.Inface of the greater challenge，human beings should ________.
A.stopdeveloping any longer
B.reduceusing too much natural resources
C.finda way out to stop the warming up of the globe
D.savemore animals in case they all die out
答案 B [细节理解题。人类过量使用自然资源已经导致了环境的恶化，理智的办法就是减少使用自然资源。]
维B短文改错(每题1.5分，满分15分)
下面文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Angelaworks at a university as adviser.Students can come and ask her for many problemsif they need help or advices.Most of them are worried about their studies andexams.Some of them have problems connect with renting flats，though the biggestproblem was loneliness.Universities are excited places but some students finddifficult to make friends.They miss their families but feel lost in the newenvironment.They're upset.Angela's job is to listen to and try to understandwhether they are thinking about.And of course she also gives practical advicewhen she is needed.
答案
Angelaworks at a university as adviser.Students can come and ask her for many problemsif they need help or .Most of them are worried about their studies andexams.Some of them have problems with renting flats，though the biggest problemloneliness.Universities are places but some students find difficult to makefriends.They miss their families feel lost in the new environment.They'reupset.Angela's job is to listen to\/ and try to understand they are thinkingabout.And of course she also gives practical advice when is needed.
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