高考英语书面表达在一些地区卷中比较注重关注热点，今年应该说环保(雾霾低碳生活等仍然是关注的一个热点)，下面总结基本表达方式，举一些书面表达环保类例子，仅供考生参考，欢迎大家阅读!
高考英语书面表达热点：环境保护低碳生活
环境问题的提出：
1.全球的关注global concern
2.越来越糟get worse and worse/ get from bad to worse/
3.环境的破坏the destruction of our environment
4.改善环境刻不容缓get more and more serious
{C}{C}?{C}1. Now more and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.
{C}{C}?{C}2. Laws have been passed to protect our environment.
{C}{C}?{C}3. A large quantity of trees should be planted.
{C}{C}?{C}4. It is glorious to take care of the environments while it is shameful to pollute them.
{C}{C}?{C}5. Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
{C}{C}?{C}6. To protect ourselves, we must keep the balance of nature.
{C}{C}?{C}7. We should take good care of the forest and plant more trees instead of cutting down so as to improve our living conditions.
{C}{C}?{C}8.To cherish the environment is to love ourselves.
{C}{C}?{C}爱护环境就是爱护我们自己
{C}{C}?{C}9.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation
{C}{C}?{C}我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状
{C}{C}?{C}10.We are sure that well win the battle.
{C}{C}?{C}我们坚信我们能赢得战斗
{C}{C}?{C}11. Keep our mountains green, the water clean, and the sky blue.
{C}{C}?{C}使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝
{C}{C}?{C}12.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.
{C}{C}?{C}没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了.
{C}{C}?{C}13(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.
{C}{C}?{C}如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，......一定会有恶劣的后果
{C}{C}?{C}14.近来环保已经引起了全球的关注。
Environmental protection has caused global concern recently.
{C}{C}?{C}15.我们应该马上采取措施来保护我们的环境免受污染
Its high time we took immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.
{C}{C}?{C}16.每个人都应该提高保护地球的意识。
Everybody should raise the awareness that its our duty to protect our mother earth.
{C}{C}?{C}17.你不难发现每个人都在伤害地球，然而他们可能自己都没有意识到这一点。
You cannot difficultly see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which , however, they may not be realizing.
{C}{C}?{C}18.无论如何我们不应该牺牲我们的环境来发展我们的经济。
On no account should we develop our economy at the cost of our environment.
{C}{C}?{C}19.我们不能否认每个人都曾破坏过环境，所以我们不能否认每个人都有责任来保护我们赖以生存的星球。
We cant deny that everybody has done something to damage the nature, so we cant deny that
everybody should take the responsibility for protecting our living planet.
1. To cherish the environment is to love ourselves.爱护环境就是爱护我们自己2.Water is the source of our lives水是生命之源
3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状
4.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争
5.We are sure that well win the battle.
我们坚信我们能赢得战斗
6.Its high time that we should protect our environment from being polluted.
是时候我们应该防止环境污染了
7. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean,and the sky blue.
使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝
8.However,natural resources are not inexhaustible.some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.
然而自然资源并不是无穷无尽的，一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘
9.If we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.
如果我们不为将来考虑，后代就会受到威胁
10.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.
没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了.
11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.
如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，......一定会有恶劣的后果
{C}{C}?{C}
1.政府已经开始注意这个问题。
The government has begun to pay attention to the problem
{C}{C}?{C}2.为了保护环境，政府已经通过一些法规来阻止人们乱扔垃圾。
To protect the environment, the government has passed laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everything.
{C}{C}?{C}3.我们应该尽全力来处理污染问题，维护我们的环境。
We should do our best to take care of the environment and pollution
{C}{C}?{C}4. As we know, pollution does great harm to human beings.
{C}{C}?{C}5. It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities. Rubbish should be treated properly.
{C}{C}?{C}6. With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.
{C}{C}?{C}7. Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
{C}{C}?{C}8. Something must be done to prevent factories from polluting the air.
{C}{C}?{C}9. In my opinion, the best solution to this problem is to carry out the system of praise and punishment firmly.
{C}{C}?{C}10. We must make good use of water and avoid polluting it.
{C}{C}?{C}11. Only by this means can we stop the air from being polluted.
{C}{C}?{C}12.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
{C}{C}?{C}我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争
{C}{C}?{C}13.Its high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.
{C}{C}?{C}是时候我们应该防止环境污染了
5.提高..的意识raise awareness that /of sth
6.承担保护环境的责任bear the responsibility to protect our environment
7.呼吁某人做某事call on / call for/ appeal to sb to do sth
8.时间不等人the clock is ticking
9.努力做某事make all efforts/ endeavor /make ones utmost effort / go all out/try all means to do sth
10.采取行动/措施去take action /take measures to do
11.改善目前的状况improve the present situation
12.关注pay attention to doing/show concern for sth
13.伤害/损害.. cause harm/damage to
14.不惜任何代价at all cost
15.只要so/as long as
16.承担做某事的责任take the responsibility of doing sth
17.以牺牲..作为代价at the cost/ expense of our environment
保护环境Protect the environment
环境污染Environmental pollution
释放有毒气体Give off/release poisonous gas
受到严重污染Be seriously polluted
对有害Do harm to / be harmful to
(不)注意环保Pay (no) attention to
灭绝Die out
多植树Plant more trees
把垃圾分类Sort the rubbish
回收垃圾Recycle the rubbish
受益良多Benefit a lot
保持生态平衡Keep the balance of nature
防止人们污染河流Prevent people from polluting the rivers
为了提高生活质量,环境保护变得越来越重要In order to improve the quality of our life, it becomes more and more important to
随着科技的进步,环境污染越来越严重With the development of science and technology, more and more pollution is produced.
我们应该立刻采取措施与污染作斗争We should take immediate action / steps to fight against
唯有这种方式我们才能享受新鲜空气,活得健康Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
Its high time that we did sth to improve the environment
书面表达范例：
书面表达
假如你是李华，你的笔友Mike从电视上得知前段时间北京多个地方出现雾霾(haze)，非常担心，写E-mail询问有关情况，请回复。回复应包括以下要点：
1.实况描述;
2.对生活造成的影响;
3.成因简析与教训;
4.你个人的情况。
One possible version:
Dear Mike，
Thank you very much for your concern. Last month several places in Beijing were blanketed(覆盖)with thick yellow fog. Everything around disappeared from our sight. Some highways were closed. Traffic jams were commonly seen in the streets. Many people, especially children and se{C}{C}
{C}niors, even found it difficult to breathe. As a result, local hospitals were crowded with people who had problems with their noses and lungs. Part of the cause was the dry weather, but the severely damaged environment contributed a lot to this nightmare. Personally I didnt get any health problems in the haze because I stayed mostly indoors. But to make a significant change we really have to do more to protect our environment. To live a bette{C}{C}
{C}r life we have to push on with the economy, but it wound be meaningless if we have to achieve it at the cost of our breathing air.
Regards!
Yours,
Li Hua
雾霾天气
近年来我国多地雾霾天气不断增多，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。作为环境保护的一个近期热点话题，雾霾天气符合高考考试要求，也能唤起高中生环保意识。
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Bill来信询问你家乡是否有雾霾天气，情况如何。请按下面写一封电子邮件：
1.感谢他得关心;
2.介绍情况:(1)去年以来以发生数次雾霾天气(2)人们已认识到雾霾天气的危害，正采取各种举措减少其发生(3)你自己为此做了什么或打算做什么
要求100词
【参考范文】
Dear Bill,
Im glad to receive your letter,thank you for your caring for the weather and my health.Now Id like to tell you something about the smog.
Since the winter last year,the smog has occurred a lot of times.it has done great harm to our daily life.many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather,more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the smog,quite a lot of flights have to be put off,a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog.
People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment.people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the smog weather.the government suggests people go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground.Also we should plant more trees.
According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I wont throw the waste anywhere.in addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect the environment as possible as they can.would you like to tell me some good ideas?im looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
build an energy-saving society(建立一个节约型社会)
近日你所在的学校开展了为建设节约型社会献一计主题活动，同学们提出了许多建议。请你根据以下要点：
1。不浪费粮食和纸张
2。尽量不使用方便筷、塑料袋
3。毕业生将书赠给低年级同学循环使用?
注意：
1。不要逐字翻译，可适当增加细节;
2。词数：120字左右，开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数;
3。参考词汇：方便筷disposable chopsticks
Recently，there has been an activity of doing your bit for an energy-saving society in our school. Our schoolmates are highly concerned about the increasing lack of energy and provide their own suggestions.
Some students suggest that we shouldnt waste any food or paper, though they appear very easy to get. Meanwhile, some other students think it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags. Besides, it is also strongly recommended that those used textbooks as well as reference books of graduates, which are still in good condition, not be thrown but recycled.
Actually, there are still quite a lot that we can easily do: say, try to take buses or ride bicycles instead of driving cars, etc. All of these will definitely help to build an energy-saving society.
最近，你是吴明，和笔友李华都很关注可持续发展的话题。现在你写一封信给他，谈谈江苏的省情，介绍耕地的使用及保护的情况。
词数：150左右。信的开头号和结尾已经给出。必须包含以下要点：
1、江苏是我国经济发达的省份之一，位于我国的东部，人口多，占地少。
人口：7000多万;土地面积：10多万平方公里。自然资源贫乏。
2、随着经济的发展和人口的增长，越来越多的良田被征用来建造住房和工厂。耕地面积逐年减少。
3、人们正认识到保护耕地的重要性，政府积极采取措施禁止非法用地。
4、保护土地资源，是每个公民应尽义务，也是造福子孙后代的需要。
Dear Li Hua,
How are you? With this letter Id like to introduce my hometownJiangsu Province to you .Situated in the east of China, Jiangsu is one of the most developed provinces of our country. It is a province with a large population of 70,000,000 but not much farmland for people to live on, and it lacks natural resources with an area of more than 100,000 km2 .
With the development of economy and growth of its population, more and more good farmland has been used to build houses and factories. As a result, farmland is decreasing year by year.
Fortunately people are realizing the importance of protecting farmland and the government has taken measures to stop the illegal use of farmland.
In my opinion, its our duty to protect our farmland as well as our obligation to benefit the younger generations.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes.
Yours
Wu ming
学习指导：
1.名词性从句的定义：
在句子中起到_________作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于___________________,它在复合句中能够担 任_________、_______________、_____________、________________等，因此根据它在句子中不同的语 法功能，名词性从句又可分为______________从句，______________从句，______________从 句，______________从句四大类。
2.思维探究。
观察一：观察以下句子，判断是那一类的名词性从句，并指出该名词性从句的引导词。
{C}{C}(1){C}{C}Who he is doesnt concern me.
{C}{C}(2){C}{C}What he said is unbelievable.
{C}{C}(3){C}{C}Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
{C}{C}(4){C}{C}When we will hold the sports meet is still unknown.
{C}{C}(5){C}{C}How he got in touch with Tom is not clear.
{C}{C}(6){C}{C}That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
{C}{C}(7){C}{C}Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.
以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类)，引导词可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
其中请将第(6)句转换为It做形式主语：
____________________________________________________________________________
其中请将第(7)句转换为It做形式主语：
____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引导主语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引导主语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
注意一.Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此类引导词引导的从句也是______________从句，意思中包含有:_____________
注意二.再思考what和that引导主语从句的区别
1.What you needis more practice .
2.That he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
注意三.Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此类引导词引导的从句也是________从句，意思中包含有:____________________
观察二：观察以下句子，判断是那一类的名词性从句，并指出该名词性从句的引导词。
{C}{C}(8){C}{C}I hope (that) everything is all right./I am glad that everything is all right.
{C}{C}(9){C}{C}I wonder why she refused my invitation.
{C}{C}(10){C}{C}I cant imagine what made him act like that.
{C}{C}(11){C}{C}I want to know when we will hold the sports meet.
{C}{C}(12){C}{C}Im interested in whether youve finished the work.
(13)Im interested in what youve said.
(14)They dont know whether to go there.
以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类)，引导词可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引导宾语从句有什么区别：
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引导宾语语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
注意一：语序问题范例：宾语从句后的语序要使用_________加上__________________语序。
(1).Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
(2). These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
注意二：其中有两个特例是我们要特别注意的：
She asked me whats the matter with the machine.
She asked me whats wrong with the machine.
因为whats the matter,whats wrong本身就是____________________语序。
注意三：观察以下句子，说出两者的区别：_____________________________
______________________________________________________
Ill give youwhatever you want.
Ill give youwhat you want .
注意四：The teacher said that Tom had done a good job and that he would make greater progress in the future.
此句子中第一个that和第二个that能不能省略?
______________________________________________________
观察三：观察以下句子，判断是那一类的名词性从句，并指出该名词性从句的引导词。
(15)The fact is that we have lost the game.
(16)the question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
(17)the problem is how we should carry out the plan.
(18)the question is whether the film is worth seeing.
(19)the reason why he was late was that he missed the buy by one minute this morning.
(20)my suggestion is that we (should)tell him the truth.
They dont know whether to go there.
以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类)，引导词可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引导表语从句有什么区别：
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引导表语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
当主语为reason时，引导词一般只能使用______而不用because。
当主语为 ___________________________________________________________________建议，要 求，命令，请求这一类词语的时候，标语从句的谓语要使用____________________________________。
观察四：同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
同位语从句中that引导词与定语从句中that区别
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.______从句
The father broke his promise (which/that) he made last week. _____从句
综合类思维探究：
热点一.语序与时态：
[能力激活1]：想一想：名词性从句中的语序要注意什么问题?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A .who he is B who he is C who is it D who it is
小结：不管主句是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句,名词性从句总是使用_____________语序。.
eg.He went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matter B what is the matter C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：想一想：宾语从句中的时态应如何与主句时态保持相应的一致?
1.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen
2.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C.left D.had left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comes D he comes, comes
感悟疑点:He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will come C was coming D wasnt coming
热点二.连接词的选择
[能力激活3]观察与思考：that与what的用法有什么不同?
1.What you needis more practice .
2.That he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
3.Energy iswhat makes things work.
4.China is no longerwhat it used to be .
5.What impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
归纳：1.that和what都可以引导名词性从句。
2.what是连接代词，引导名词性从句，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
3.that是连接词，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，仅起连接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引导宾语从句时(能/不能)省略，但引导多个宾语从句时，只有第___个that可以省略。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑点：1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walking in space. A where B what C that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B it C what D which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.
A. What B How C When D That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; because B What; that C That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.
A that, / B /, that C what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]观察与思考：在名词性从句中whever与wh---有什么异同?
1.Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .2.Watever was said here must be kept secret .
3.Ill give youwhatever you want.4.Ill give youwhat you want .
小结1: wh-ever与wh-引导的名词性从句在语法结构上________,在意义上__________，有__________的意思。
体会例题1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family. A. anybody B. who C. who that D. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.
A. all B. what C. whatever D. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
观察、体会与思考：以下从句都是什么从句?
1.Whoever breaks the law should be punished .
2.Whoever breaks the law , he should be punished .
3._____ _____ _____breaks the law , he should be punished .
小结2：wh-ever既可以引导__________从句，又可以引导_________从句.引导名词性从句时相当于名词+定语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于__________________.
[能力激活5]观察、体会与总结：
1.Whether well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
3.It depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 .It doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小结：名词性从句只用whether的几种情况：
1.引导________从句时，不用if.2.做______的宾语从句时3.与______和______连用时.
热点三：几点特殊用法
[能力激活6]思考:想一想it在名词性从句中起到什么作用?
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A What B It C As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C them D it
小结1:.在名词性从句中，当主语从句置后时，要使用______主语。
2.在如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作_______宾语而将宾语从句放于句末.
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A it B that C these D them
Exercise :
1.很遗憾他竟然犯了那样一个错误。_________________________________________
2.我认为学好英语很重要____________________________________.
[能力激活7]：学以致用
1. ______ is known to us ____ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ______ is known to us is ____the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. _____ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As
高考英语语法学习之名词性从句参考答案
参考答案：
综合类思维探究：
热点一.语序与时态：
[能力激活1]：
想一想：名词性从句中的语序要注意什么问题?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look likeB. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A .who he is B who he is C who is itD who it is
小结：不管主句是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句,名词性从句总是使用_____陈述句________语序。.
eg.He went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matterB what is the matter
C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：
想一想：宾语从句中的时态应如何与主句时态保持相应的一致?
1.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolenD.had been broken into; stolen
2.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leavesB. would leaveC.left D.had left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comesD he comes, comes
感悟疑点:
He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will comeC was comingD wasnt coming
热点二.连接词的选择
[能力激活3]
观察与思考：that与what的用法有什么不同?
1.What you needis more practice .
2.That he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
3.Energy iswhat makes things work.
4.China is no longerwhat it used to be .
5.What impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
归纳：(C级)
1.that和what都可以引导名词性从句。
2.what是连接代词，引导名词性从句，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
3.that是连接词，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，仅起连接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引导宾语从句时(能/不能)省略，但引导多个宾语从句时，只有第___个that可以省略。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑点：(C级)
1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.
A whereB whatC that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B itC whatD which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.
A. What B How C WhenD That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; becauseB What; thatC That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. whatB. thatC. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.
A that, /B /, thatC what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]
观察与思考：在名词性从句中whever与wh---有什么异同?
1.Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
2.Watever was said here must be kept secret .
3.Ill give youwhatever you want.
4.Ill give youwhat you want .
小结1: wh-ever与wh-引导的名词性从句在语法结构上___不同，可以引导不同名词性从句_____,在意义上___类似_______，有___无论。。。_______的意思。
体会例题
1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.
A. anybody B. who C. who thatD. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.
A. allB. whatC. whateverD. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whateverB. that C. which D. whichever
观察、体会与思考：以下从句都是什么从句?(B级)
1.Whoever breaks the law should be punished .
2.Whoever breaks the law , he should be punished .
3.__no___ matter_ who_breaks the law , he should be punished .
小结2：
wh-ever既可以引导___名词性_______从句，又可以引导_让步状语________从句.引导名词性从句时相当于名词+定语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于_____no matter__+特殊疑问词___________.
[能力激活5]
观察、体会与总结：
1.Whether well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
3.It depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 .It doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小结：名词性从句只用whether的几种情况：(C级)
1.引导___主语_____从句时，不用if.
2.做___介词后___的宾语从句时
3.与___or___和____or not__连用时.
热点三：几点特殊用法
[能力激活6]
思考:想一想it在名词性从句中起到什么作用?(B级)
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A WhatB ItC As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C themD it
小结
1:.在名词性从句中，当主语从句置后时，要使用___it___主语。(A级)
2.在如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作__形式_____宾语而将宾语从句放于句末.(A级)
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.(A级)
A itB that C these D them
Exercise :(C级)
1.很遗憾他竟然犯了那样一个错误。
it is a pity that he should have made such a mistake._
2.我认为学好英语很重要
I think it is important that _we should learn English well.
[能力激活7]：学以致用(D级)
1. __IT____ is known to us__THAT__ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ____WHAT__is known to us is __THAT__the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. __AS___ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As
高考英语语法学习之名词性从句
学习指导：
1.名词性从句的定义：
在句子中起到_________作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于___________________,它在复合句中能够担 任_________、_______________、_____________、________________等，因此根据它在句子中不同的语 法功能，名词性从句又可分为______________从句，______________从句，______________从 句，______________从句四大类。
答案：名词，名词词组，主语，宾语，(动词后宾语及介词后宾语)，表语，同位语;
分为__主语____________从句，________宾语______从句，______表语________从句，_____同位语_________从句四大类。
2.思维探究。
观察一：观察以下句子，判断是那一类的名词性从句，并指出该名词性从句的引导词。
{C}{C}(13){C}{C}Who he is doesnt concern me.
{C}{C}(14){C}{C}What he said is unbelievable.
{C}{C}(15){C}{C}Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
{C}{C}(16){C}{C}When we will hold the sports meet is still unknown.
{C}{C}(17){C}{C}How he got in touch with Tom is not clear.
{C}{C}(18){C}{C}That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
{C}{C}(19){C}{C}Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.
以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类)，引导词可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
其中请将第(6)句转换为It做形式主语：
____________________________________________________________________________
其中请将第(7)句转换为It做形式主语：
____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引导主语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引导主语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此类引导词引导的从句也是______________从句，意思中包含有:_____________
答案：主语从句，引导词有who, what, where ,when ,why ,how ,whether ,that,whatever,whoever,however.
{C}{C}6.{C}It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.
{C}{C}7.{C}it is not clear to me Whether/if she likes the present.此时whether和if均可。
Whether和if引导主语从句有什么区别?
引导主语从句表是否只能用whether，转换为it做形式主语时候whether和if都可以。
What和that引导主语从句有什么区别?
what引导主语从句，what在主语从句中做成份，如句子(2)，that在主语从句中不做成份，如句子(6)但是此时that也不能省略。例如：That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
1.What you needis more practice .
2.That he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此类引导词引导的从句也是_主语从句____从句，意思中包含有:___无论._
观察二：观察以下句子，判断是那一类的名词性从句，并指出该名词性从句的引导词。
{C}{C}(20){C}{C}I hope (that) everything is all right./I am glad that everything is all right.
{C}{C}(21){C}{C}I wonder why she refused my invitation.
{C}{C}(22){C}{C}I cant imagine what made him act like that.
{C}{C}(23){C}{C}I want to know when we will hold the sports meet.
{C}{C}(24){C}{C}Im interested in whether youve finished the work.
(13)Im interested in what youve said.
(14)They dont know whether to go there.
以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类)，引导词可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引导宾语从句有什么区别：
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引导宾语语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
注意一：语序问题范例：宾语从句后的语序要使用_________加上__________________语序。
(1).Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
(2). These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
注意二：其中有两个特例是我们要特别注意的：
She asked me whats the matter with the machine.
She asked me whats wrong with the machine.
因为whats the matter,whats wrong本身就是____________________语序。
注意三：观察以下句子，说出两者的区别：_____________________________
______________________________________________________
Ill give youwhatever you want.
Ill give youwhat you want .
注意四：The teacher said that Tom had done a good job and that he would make greater progress in the future.
此句子中第一个that和第二个that能不能省略?
______________________________________________________
答案：以上从句为名词性从句中_____宾语从句________(类)，引导词可以有：____that,why,when,how,what,whether/if,_whatever,____
whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.
②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用，就不能换成if;不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.
I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.
语序问题范例：宾语从句后的语序要使用_____特殊疑问词____加上_____陈述句_____________语序。
Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
(2). These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
其中有两个特例是我们要特别注意的：
She asked me whats the matter with the machine.
She asked me whats wrong with the machine.
因为whats the matter,whats wrong本身就是___陈述句_________________语序。
注意四：The teacher said that Tom had done a good job and that he would make greater progress in the future.
此句子中第一个that和第二个that能不能省略?
第一个that能够省略，第二个不能省略
观察三：观察以下句子，判断是那一类的名词性从句，并指出该名词性从句的引导词。
(15)The fact is that we have lost the game.
(16)the question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
(17)the problem is how we should carry out the plan.
(18)the question is whether the film is worth seeing.
(19)the reason why he was late was that he missed the buy by one minute this morning.
(20)my suggestion is that we (should)tell him the truth.
They dont know whether to go there.
以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类)，引导词可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引导表语从句有什么区别：
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引导表语从句有什么区别?
____________________________________________________________________________
当主语为reason时，引导词一般只能使用______而不用because。
当主语为 ___________________________________________________________________建议，要 求，命令，请求这一类词语的时候，标语从句的谓语要使用____________________________________。
答案：以上从句为名词性从句中___表语从句__________(类)，引导词可以有：_____what/that/whether /when/how/why/_______________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引导表语从句有什么区别：
引导表语从句一般只用whether，不用if。
What和that引导表语从句有什么区别?
What担当成份，that不但当但是也不能去掉，例如The fact is that we have lost the game.
当主语为reason时，引导词一般只能使用__that____而不用because。(19)the reason why he was late was that he missed the buy by one minute this morning.
当主语为advice,_ order, suggestion,___等______建议，要求，命令，请求这一类词语的时候，标语从句的谓语要使用should+动词原形。
观察四：同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
同位语从句中that引导词与定语从句中that区别
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.______从句
The father broke his promise (which/that) he made last week. _____从句
答案：观察四：同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
同位语从句中that引导词与定语从句中that区别
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.__同位语____从句
The father broke his promise (which/that) he made last week. __定语___从句
综合类思维探究：
热点一.语序与时态：
[能力激活1]：
想一想：名词性从句中的语序要注意什么问题?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A .who he is B who he is C who is it D who it is
小结：不管主句是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句,名词性从句总是使用_____________语序。.
eg.He went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matter B what is the matter
C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：
想一想：宾语从句中的时态应如何与主句时态保持相应的一致?
1.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen
2.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C.left D.had left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comes D he comes, comes
感悟疑点:
He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will come C was coming D wasnt coming
热点二.连接词的选择
[能力激活3]
观察与思考：that与what的用法有什么不同?
1.What you needis more practice .
2.That he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
3.Energy iswhat makes things work.
4.China is no longerwhat it used to be .
5.What impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
归纳：(C级)
1.that和what都可以引导名词性从句。
2.what是连接代词，引导名词性从句，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
3.that是连接词，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，仅起连接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引导宾语从句时(能/不能)省略，但引导多个宾语从句时，只有第___个that可以省略。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑点：(C级)
1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.
A where B what C that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B it C what D which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.(A级)
A. What B How C When D That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; because B What; that C That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.(B级)
A that, / B /, that C what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]
观察与思考：在名词性从句中whever与wh---有什么异同?
1.Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
2.Watever was said here must be kept secret .
3.Ill give youwhatever you want.
4.Ill give youwhat you want .
小结1: wh-ever与wh-引导的名词性从句在语法结构上________,在意义上__________，有__________的意思。(B级)
体会例题
1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.(C级)
A. anybody B. who C. who that D. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.(B级)A. all B. what C. whatever D. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.(A级)
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
观察、体会与思考：以下从句都是什么从句?(B级)
1.Whoever breaks the law should be punished .
2.Whoever breaks the law , he should be punished .
3._____ _____ _____breaks the law , he should be punished .
小结2：
wh-ever既可以引导__________从句，又可以引导_________从句.引导名词性从句时相当于名词+定语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于__________________.
[能力激活5]
观察、体会与总结：
1.Whether well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
3.It depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 .It doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小结：名词性从句只用whether的几种情况：(C级)
1.引导________从句时，不用if.
2.做______的宾语从句时
3.与______和______连用时.
热点三：几点特殊用法
[能力激活6]
思考:想一想it在名词性从句中起到什么作用?(B级)
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A What B It C As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C them D it
小结
1:.在名词性从句中，当主语从句置后时，要使用______主语。(A级)
2.在如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作_______宾语而将宾语从句放于句末.(A级)
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.(A级)
A it B that C these D them
Exercise :(C级)
1.很遗憾他竟然犯了那样一个错误。
_________________________________________
2.我认为学好英语很重要
____________________________________.
[能力激活7]：学以致用(D级)
1. ______ is known to us ____ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ______ is known to us is ____the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. _____ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As
参考答案：
综合类思维探究：
热点一.语序与时态：
[能力激活1]：
想一想：名词性从句中的语序要注意什么问题?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look likeB. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A .who he is B who he is C who is itD who it is
小结：不管主句是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句,名词性从句总是使用_____陈述句________语序。.
eg.He went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matterB what is the matter
C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：
想一想：宾语从句中的时态应如何与主句时态保持相应的一致?
1.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolenD.had been broken into; stolen
2.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leavesB. would leaveC.left D.had left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comesD he comes, comes
感悟疑点:
He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will comeC was comingD wasnt coming
热点二.连接词的选择
[能力激活3]
观察与思考：that与what的用法有什么不同?
1.What you needis more practice .
2.That he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
3.Energy iswhat makes things work.
4.China is no longerwhat it used to be .
5.What impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
归纳：(C级)
1.that和what都可以引导名词性从句。
2.what是连接代词，引导名词性从句，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
3.that是连接词，在从句中(有/无)实在意义，仅起连接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引导宾语从句时(能/不能)省略，但引导多个宾语从句时，只有第___个that可以省略。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑点：(C级)
1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.
A whereB whatC that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B itC whatD which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.
A. What B How C WhenD That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; becauseB What; thatC That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. whatB. thatC. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.
A that, /B /, thatC what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]
观察与思考：在名词性从句中whever与wh---有什么异同?
1.Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
2.Watever was said here must be kept secret .
3.Ill give youwhatever you want.
4.Ill give youwhat you want .
小结1: wh-ever与wh-引导的名词性从句在语法结构上___不同，可以引导不同名词性从句_____,在意义上___类似_______，有___无论。。。_______的意思。
体会例题
1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.
A. anybody B. who C. who thatD. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.
A. allB. whatC. whatever D. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whateverB. that C. which D. whichever
观察、体会与思考：以下从句都是什么从句?(B级)
1.Whoever breaks the law should be punished .
2.Whoever breaks the law , he should be punished .
3.__no___ matter_ who_breaks the law , he should be punished .
小结2：
wh-ever既可以引导___名词性_______从句，又可以引导_让步状语________从句.引导名词性从句时相当于名词+定语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于_____no matter__+特殊疑问词___________.
[能力激活5]
观察、体会与总结：
1.Whether well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
3.It depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 .It doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小结：名词性从句只用whether的几种情况：(C级)
1.引导___主语_____从句时，不用if.
2.做___介词后___的宾语从句时
3.与___or___和____or not__连用时.
热点三：几点特殊用法
[能力激活6]
思考:想一想it在名词性从句中起到什么作用?(B级)
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A WhatB ItC As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C themD it
小结
1:.在名词性从句中，当主语从句置后时，要使用___it___主语。(A级)
2.在如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作__形式_____宾语而将宾语从句放于句末.(A级)
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.(A级)
A itB that C these D them
Exercise :(C级)
1.很遗憾他竟然犯了那样一个错误。
it is a pity that he should have made such a mistake._
2.我认为学好英语很重要
I think it is important that _we should learn English well.
[能力激活7]：学以致用(D级)
1. __IT____ is known to us__THAT__ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ____WHAT__is known to us is __THAT__the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. __AS___ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As