这里是编辑给大家分享的《Friendship》教学设计【优秀6篇】，欢迎参考，希望对大家有一些参考价值。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
In my eyes, a true friendship likes a bridge, connects our hearts. It makes us feel warm. So I think a true friendship is one of the most important things in our wonderful lives.
When you’re gloomy, a true friend can communicate with you, then give you some advice, and make you smile. When you’re happy, a true friend is happy, too. If you don’t feel well, a true friend will ask you what the matter is and take care of you. If you do something wrong, a true friend will tell you it isn’t right and what is correct. A true friend will stay with you if you want some help. A true friend will forgive you if you have an argument. What’s more, when you get good grades, a true friend will be very excited, but not be jealous of you. Whether rich or poor, a true friendship never changes. So in my opinion, this is a true friendship. I also believe we will be true friends. That’s all! Thank you!
friendship is one of the greatest pleasure that people can enjoy. it implies loyalty, cordiality, sympathy, affection and readiness to help. real friends are those who can share all our sorrows and double all our joys. no man makes most of his life, either in business or in society, without carefully and conscientiously striving to win the right kind of friends as he goes along.
true friends cherish the ideals and feelings with you; they will not desert you when you are in hot waters; they will not flatter or take advantage of you when you have won victory; and they will advice you sincerely when you are led astray.
we should choose those as our friends who have good character, superior ability and kindliness of heart. we’ll treat our friends with courtesy, be careful not to interfere unreasonably with them, or not ridicule their proceedings. we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much as possible. if we try to do these things, we’ll retain our friends and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life.
module 2 friendship教案
一。 教学内容：
module 2 friendship
二。 重点内容：
语法知识：宾语从句；
语言知识：词汇及词语辨析
三。 具体内容：
（一）语法指南
宾语从句
放在动词后面做宾语的句子，我们称之为“宾语从句”。宾语从句根据其表达意义与疑问的差别可以分作三类，一类由that引导，一类由whether/if引导，还有一类由疑问词引导。常用作宾语从句的连词有：that, if whether, what, which, who, whom, where, how, why等。
1. 当谓语动词表示肯定概念时，如“希望”、“相信”“知道”“说”，其后面的句子一般用that引导。that没有任何词汇意义，只有语法功能，使读者清楚后面的句子是前面动词的宾语。that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用。that不用翻译出来，在口语当中常省略。除此以外，又语从句中有自己的主语，很容易与前面的主句分开，因此多数情况下that可以省略。如：
betty thinks（that）trees improve the air.
贝蒂认为树可以改善空气。
i hope（that）it will snow this winter.
我希望今年冬天能下雪。
i believe（that）we’ll become good friends.
我相信我们会成为好朋友。
有一点要注意，并非所有的动词后面都可接that引导的从句。接that引导的从句的谓语动词不可含有疑问的含义，常见的多是表示观点、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的词，如：believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, wish, warn等。
2. whether/if 引导的宾语从句
如果我们要标达一个不确定的概念，比如：“记不清”、“不知道”、“问”、“想知道”等等，就要用whether/ if 表示，不能再用that。
he doesn’t know whether they will plant trees on saturday or not.
他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。
i can’t remember whether/if i have seen him before.
我记不清以前是否见过他。
he asks whether/ if we will go fishing on sunday.
他问周日我们是否去钓鱼？
tom wants to know whether/ if he needs to come early tomorrow.
汤姆想知道明天他是否有必要早来。
注意：一般情况下if和whether可以通用。但如果从句后面还有一个选择性词语or not，则常用whether，构成 whether…or not的结构。
3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句
有的句子不是用that连接，也不是用whether或if连接，而是用when，where，how，
why等疑问词连接。这是从句意思表达的需要。比如“他问什么时间出发”中的“什么时间出发”必须用一个疑问词才能表达；如果遇到什么时间，什么地点，什么方式，什么原因之类的疑问时，我们就要是用相应的疑问词来连接从句。但是同学们一定要注意，在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。如：
he asks how we can help protect the environment.
他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力。
i can’t understand why they like computer games so much.
我不理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。
they haven’t decided where they should go for the holiday.
他们还没有确定到什么地方去旅行。
do you know when we will hold the sports meeting?
你知道我们什么时候开运动会吗？
（二）语法专项训练
1. —do you know ______ i could pass the exam?
—sorry, i’ve no idea.
a. that b. whether c. what d. which
2. —i’m waiting for the mail. do you know _______ it will arrive?
—usually it comes by 4:00.
a. how b. where c. when d. what
3. i’d like to know _____ or not.
a. whether will he come b. whether has he come
c. whether he will come d. that he will come
4. they asked me ________ during the may day holidays.
a. where had i gone b. where i had gone
c. where had i been d. where i had gone
5. she did not tell us ________.
a. how old the patient is b. how old was the patient
c. how old the patient was d. how old is the patient
6. —we don’t know _______ he is.
—they say he is much better these days.
a. what b. who c. how d. where
7. could you tell me _____ yesterday?
a. what they do b. what they did
c. what do they do d. what did they do
8. i knew that the sun ________ in the east when i was a child.
a. will rise b. rose c. rise d. rises
9. she said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk.
a. that b. where c. which d. what
10. the man asked me if i _______ him the way to the bus stop.
a. can tell b. could tell c. will tell d. tell
（三）重点句子详解
1. dig slowly, or you‘ll be too tired to finish.
慢慢挖，不然的话你会很累，干不完活的。
* 本句是“祈使句+or+并列分句”的句型，or连接连个分句，前面的分句相当于if引导的否定性从句。如：
hurry up, or you’ll be late.
= if you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
你快一点，不然就迟到了。
take the chance, or you will regret.
=if you don’t take the chance, you will regret it.
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
stand still, or i’ll shoot.
=if you don’t stand still, i’ll shoot.
* 有时前一个句子只有一个名词或名词短语。
a word from you and he’ll change his mind.
=if you say a word, he’ll change his mind.
只要你说一句话，他就会改变主意。
one more foul and he’ll be sent out of the court.
他再犯一次规，就要罚出场了。
*“祈使句+and+并列分句”的句型中，祈使句表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。如：
work hard and you’ll succeed.
= if you work hard, you’ll succeed.
努力学习，你就能成功。
stir，and you are a dead man.
=if you stir, you are a dead man.
动一动我就打死你。
* too…to意为“太……而不能……”，其句型结构为“too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形”，该句型用于肯定句，但表达否定的意思。如：
he is too old to walk.
他太老了，以致走不动了。
it’s too hard for him to learn english well.
学好英语对他来说太难了。
the box is too heavy for me to carry.
那只箱子对我来说太重了，搬不动。
* 当too…to do前面有only，but等词时，或出现“never too…to do”或“too…not to do”的双重否定时，该句型就不表达否定含义了。如：
it’s never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
you are never too old to enjoy the music.
你不会因为年纪大了而不喜欢这音乐。
2. we’re cutting down too many trees.
我们正在过量砍伐树木。
* cut down 此处意为“砍倒”
a quarter of the forest reserves had been cut down by 1974.
到1974年，四分之一的森林保护区已被砍伐一空。
how much is it going to cost us to cut all these trees down?
把这些树全部砍倒要花费我们多少钱？
* cut down可意为“削减”“减少”，如：
save time for yourself by cutting your shopping down to twice a week.
拔去商店购物减少到每星期两次，以此为自己节省时间。
she cut down on smoking.
她抽烟有所减少。
* cut down可以表示“改短（衣服）”
if you cut down this t-shirt, it’ll fit your son.
如果你把t恤改短，就能适合你儿子穿。
* cut someone down to size 表示“使（某人）知道自己的分量”“使（某人）有自知之明”。
that should cut her down to size.
那该让她有点自知之明了。
On Friendship
Friendship is a kind of relationship that many accompany you all your life. The relationship with your wife or husband occurs only after you are married and runs the risks of being cut down by divorce. The relationship with your parents will be put to an end with their passing away. The relationship with your children begins late in the middle of your life. You have an association with your colleagues, but it is always changing, because one day, one or another colleague may disappear suddenly out of your routine by changing jobs and you may similarly jump out of your colleagues' lives. You have connection with your neighbors only for the sake of living in the same neighborhood and it will break down when you or one of your neighbors moves. Only friendship can be everlasting an steady. You may have friends as early as infancy. No matter whether you are married or not, no matter where you live and work, your friends are your friends. It is not based on bloodline. It is not absolutely an objective social relationship which befalls you. It is rooted in the desires and feelings derived from social experiences. It relies on your intention. In my opinion, that is the social nature of friendship. Making friends is to meet people's varying needs. People have all kinds of desires. To achieve progress, you make friends with those who surpass you. To enjoy freedom, equality an mutual respect, you make friends with those who are of equal stature with you. On behalf of your vanity and relaxation you make friends with the inferior. To you, some friends are fun-loving, some give encouragement, some offer knowledge, and others help you to find your own identity. You expose your worries and weakness to some friends, while you show only your merits, your bright side, in the face of other friends. Before your friends, you may act as a supervisor, a learned brother, a lovely child, a gentleman or a playmate. In a word, friendship helps you to be a full person. So friendship can bene
unit 2 friendship教案
一。 教学内容：
unit 2 friendship（i）
词汇解析：
1. express
（1）vt.
①表达；表示
例句：she expressed her thanks (to us). 她（对我们）表示感谢。
his face expressed his disappointment.他脸上浮现出失望的表情。
i cannot express (to you) how encouraging your letter was.
你的来信多么令人鼓舞，我无法用言语表达。
常见短语：
express oneself 表达自己的意思
例句：he expressed himself clearly in english. 他用英文清楚地表达自己的意思。
②快运、快递、快汇（信件、货物等）
express an urgent letter 以快递寄出紧急信件
（2）adj. 快速的；快递的
an express train快车
an express highway 高速公路
（3）n. 快车 (= express train) ；快递服务，快件服务
the 9:00 p.m. express to ottawa 下午九点开往渥太华的快车
例句：i sent the parcel by express. 我以快递的形式寄那个包裹。
（4）adv. 快速地；用快递方式地
to sent the parcel express包裹寄快件
例句：he traveled express. 他搭快车去。
词汇拓展：
（1）expression n. 表达，说明；表情；措词或短语
例句：they greeted him with many expressions of pleasure.
他们说了许多表示欢迎他的话。
her expression showed that she was angry. 从她的表情可知道她正在生气。
this expression is against idiom. 这一表达方式不合乎语言习惯。
常见短语：
①beyond (past) expression adj./adv. 无法形容（表达）的（地）
例句：the bride was lovely beyond expression. 那新娘美得无法形容。
②find expression in vt. 表现在……
例句：her passion found expression in her painting. 她的热情表现在她的画中。
（2）expressionless adj. 无表情的；缺乏表情的；呆板的
例句：their faces remained expressionless as they listened to the bad news.
听到那坏消息时，他们的脸上仍然毫无表情
（3）expressive adj. 表现的，表达……的，有表现力的，富于表情的
an expressive glance 含情脉脉的一瞥
an expressive gesture 意图明确的手势
例句：the actor has an expressive face. 那个演员的脸表情丰富。
（4）expressively adv. 善于表现地；表情丰富地；意味深长地
2. college n.
（1）学院；大学
常见词组：
a medical college 医学院 college courses学院课程 college faculty学院教师
college education大学教育 go to college上大学 enter college 进大学
例句：the college is located next to the airport. 学院在机场旁边。
their son will start college in january. 他们的儿子将于一月份开始上大学。
（2）协会；社团；学会
the royal college of nurses 皇家护士协会
the college of physicians 医师公会
3. entrance n.
（1）[c] 入口，进口
例句：he stood in the entrance of the hospital.他站在医院入口处。
visitors are asked to go into the museum by the front entrance / entry.
要求观众从前门进入博物馆。
“excuse me, where is the entrance to the exhibition hall?”
“对不起，请问展览大厅的入口处在哪里？”
the entrance to…通向……的入口处。
常用to…表示“……的”的名词有：
a key to the door 开门的钥匙 the answer to the exercise 这道题的答案
the way to the castle 到城堡的路 the road to the tower 通向塔的马路
a reply to the manager 对经理的答复
（2）[c,u] 进入；入场
例句：the actor made only two entrances.那位演员只上过两次台。
entrance is permitted only on production of a ticket.出示票方可入场。
（3）[u]进入的权利；入学许可
gain entrance to university 获得大学入学许可
entrance fee 入场费；入会费
entrance examination 入学考试；进入公司的考试
词汇拓展：
enter v.
（1）vt. 进入
例句：the train entered the tunnel.火车进入了隧道。
（2）加入； 参加； 入学
例句：i entered this company five years ago.我五年前进入这家公司。
he entered university at the age of 21.他21岁时进入大学。
her dream to enter the famous university came true.
她要进入名牌大学学习的梦想实现了。
（3）登记；记入
例句：we entered our names in the guest book.我们在来客名薄上写下姓名。
i entered my name for the exam.我报名参加那项考试。
常用短语：
（1）enter for 报名参加
例句：every year i enter for the garden competition too, and i always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
我每年也报名参加花园大赛，但我总是得全镇最差花园的小奖！
lot of cars entered for this race last year.
去年，很多小汽车参加了这种比赛。
（2）enter into 开始；着手；成为…的一部分
例句：our shop has entered into a contract with a clothing firm to buy 100 t-shirts a week.
我们商店与一家服装公司达成了每星期批发一百件t恤衫的合同。
we'll enter into details at the next meeting. 关于细节问题我们下次会议上再讨论。
rice has largely entered into their diet. 大米已成为他们的主食之一。
4. examination n.
（1）考试；测验 (= exam)
例句：have you passed the examination you took last month?
你上个月参加的考试通过了吗？
we’ll have an oral examination in english tomorrow.
我们明天要考英语口试。
she usually gets over 80 points in any examination.
她通常任何考试都在80分以上。
常见词组：
an entrance examination 入学考试take an examination 参加考试
pass (fail) an examination 考试及格（不及格）cheat in an examination 考试作弊
（2）检查
a medical examination体格检查
词汇拓展：
examine vt.
（1）检查；细查
例句：the doctor examined her carefully.医生给她作了仔细的检查。
yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass.
昨天，消防队员们仔细地检查了地面，但未能找到任何碎玻璃。
例句：my suitcases were examined at the customs when i entered the country.
入境时，我的提包在海关受到了检查。
（2）测验
例句：i examined students in english (on the previous lessons).
我测验学生（前面几课的）英文。
5. extremely adv. 极端地；非常地
例句：i'm extremely sorry.我非常抱歉。
it was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
这是一项极度困难危险的任务。
词汇拓展：
extreme
（1）adj. 尽头的， 极端的， 极度的， 偏激的
例句：he lives at the extreme edge of the forest.他住在森林的最边上。
his political ideas are rather extreme.他的政治思想相当极端。
（2）n. 极端， 极端的事物
例句：sometimes he eats too much and sometimes nothing. he goes from one extreme to the other.
他有时吃得太多，有时不吃，从一个极端走到另一极端。
extremes meet. （谚）两极相通。
常见短语：
go（be driven）to extremes 走极端
in the extreme 极，非常
6. similar adj. 相像的，相似的；近似的
例句：my new dress is similar to the one you have.我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
your views of education are similar to mine.你的教育观点和我的类似。
all big cities are quite similar.所有的大城市差不多大同小异。
词汇拓展：
similarity n.类似，类似处
a similarity of writing styles 写作风格的相似之处
a similarity between the sisters 两姐妹之间的相似之处
7. introduce vt.
（1）（与to连用）介绍
例句：he introduced his friend to me.他把朋友介绍给我。
let me introduce myself; my name is simpson.让我作自我介绍吧，我名叫辛普森。
（2）（与to，into连用）引进，引入
例句：new paris fashions are introduced into shanghai every year.
巴黎的新流行式样每年都被引进上海。
（3）（与to连用）引导，使入门；启蒙
例句：he introduced me to weightlifting.他带领我认识举重。
Of Friendship
It had been hard for him that spake it to have put more truth and untruth together in few words, than in that speech. Whatsoever is delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast or a god. For it is most true, that a natural and secret hatred, and aversation towards society, in any man, hath somewhat of the savage beast; but it is most untrue, that it should have any character at all, of the divine nature; except it proceed, not out of a pleasure in solitude, but out of a love and desire to sequester a mans self, for a higher conversation: such as is found to have been falsely and feignedly in some of the heathen; as Epimenides the Candian, Numa the Roman, Empedocles the Sicilian, and Apollonius of Tyana; and truly and really, in divers of the ancient hermits and holy fathers of the church. But little do men perceive what solitude is, and how far it extendeth. For a crowd is not company; and faces are but a gallery of pictures; and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love. The Latin adage meeteth with it a little: Magna civitas, magna solitudo; because in a great town friends are scattered; so that there is not that fellowship, for the most part, which is in less neighborhoods. But we may go further, and affirm most truly, that it is a mere and miserable solitude to want true friends; without which the world is but a wilderness; and even in this sense also of solitude, whosoever in the frame of his nature and affections, is unfit for friendship, he taketh it of the beast, and not from humanity.A principal fruit of friendship, is the ease and discharge of the fulness and swellings of the heart, which passions of all kinds do cause and induce. We know diseases of stoppings, and suffocations, are the most dangerous in the body; and it is not much otherwise in the mind; you may take sarza to open the liver, steel to open the spleen, flowers of sulphur for the lungs, castoreum for the brain; but no receipt openeth the heart, but a true friend; to whom you may impart griefs, joys, fears, hopes, suspicions, counsels, and whatsoever lieth upon the heart to oppress it, in a kind of civil shrift or confession.
It is a strange thing to observe, how high a rate great kings and monarchs do set upon this fruit of friendship, whereof we speak: so great, as they purchase it, many times, at the hazard of their own safety and greatness. For princes, in regard of the distance of their fortune from that of their subjects and servants, cannot gather this fruit, except (to make themselves capable thereof) they raise some persons to be, as it were, companions and almost equals to themselves, which many times sorteth to inconvenience. The modern languages give unto such persons the name of favorites, or privadoes; as if it were matter of grace, or conversation. But the Roman name attaineth the true use and cause thereof, naming them participes curarum; for it is that which tieth the knot. And we see plainly that this hath been done, not by weak and passionate princes only, but by the wisest and most politic that ever reigned; who have oftentimes joined to themselves some of their servants; whom both themselves have called friends, and allowed other likewise to call them in the same manner; using the word which is received between private men.
L. Sylla, when he commanded Rome, raised Pompey (after surnamed the Great) to that height, that Pompey vaunted himself for Syllas overmatch. For when he had carried the consulship for a friend of his, against the pursuit of Sylla, and that Sylla did a little resent thereat, and began to speak great, Pompey turned upon him again, and in effect bade him be quiet; for that more men adored the sun rising, than the sun setting. With Julius Caesar, Decimus Brutus had obtained that interest, as he set him down, in his testament, for heir in remainder, after his nephew. And this was the man that had power with him, to draw him forth to his death. For when Caesar would have discharged the senate, in regard of some ill presages, and specially a dream of Calpurnia; this man lifted him gently by the arm out of his chair, telling him he hoped he would not dismiss the senate, till his wife had dreamt a better dream. And it seemeth his favor was so great, as Antonius, in a letter which is recited verbatim in one of Ciceros Philippics, calleth him venefica, witch; as if he had enchanted Caesar. Augustus raised Agrippa (though of mean birth) to that height, as when he consulted with Maecenas, about the marriage of his daughter Julia, Maecenas took the liberty to tell him, that he must either marry his daughter to Agrippa, or take away his life; there was no third war, he had made him so great. With Tiberius Caesar, Sejanus had ascended to that height, as they two were termed, and reckoned, as a pair of friends. Tiberius in a letter to him saith, Haec pro amicitia nostra non occultavi; and the whole senate dedicated an altar to Friendship, as to a goddess, in respect of the great dearness of friendship, between them two. The like, or more, was between Septimius Severus and Plautianus. For he forced his eldest son to marry the daughter of Plautianus; and would often maintain Plautianus, in doing affronts to his son; and did write also in a letter to the senate, by these words: I love the man so well, as I wish he may overlive me. Now if these princes had been as a Trajan, or a Marcus Aurelius, a man might have thought that this had proceeded of an abundant goodness of nature; but being men so wise, of such strength and severity of mind, and so extreme lovers of themselves, as all these were, it proveth most plainly that they found their own felicity (though as great as ever happened to mortal men) but as an half piece, except they mought have a friend, to make it entire; and yet, which is more, they were princes that had wives, sons, nephews; and yet all these could not supply the comfort of friendship.
It is not to be forgotten, what Comineus observeth of his first master, Duke Charles the Hardy, namely, that he would communicate his secrets with none; and least of all, those secrets which troubled him most. Whereupon he goeth on, and saith that towards his latter time, that closeness did impair, and a little perish his understanding. Surely Comineus mought have made the same judgment also, if it had pleased him, of his second master, Lewis the Eleventh, whose closeness was indeed his tormentor. The parable of Pythagoras is dark, but true; Cor ne edito; Eat not the heart. Certainly if a man would give it a hard phrase, those that want friends, to open themselves unto are cannibals of their own hearts. But one thing is most admirable (wherewith I will conclude this first fruit of friendship), which is, that this communicating of a mans self to his friend, works two contrary effects; for it redoubleth joys, and cutteth griefs in halves. For there is no man, that imparteth his joys to his friend, but he joyeth the more; and no man that imparteth his griefs to his friend, but he grieveth the less. So that it is in truth, of operation upon a mans mind, of like virtue as the alchemists use to attribute to their stone, for mans body; that it worketh all contrary effects, but still to the good and benefit of nature. But yet without praying in aid of alchemists, there is a manifest image of this, in the ordinary course of nature. For in bodies, union strengtheneth and cherisheth any natural action; and on the other side, weakeneth and dulleth any violent impression: and even so it is of minds.
The second fruit of friendship, is healthful and sovereign for the understanding, as the first is for the affections. For friendship maketh indeed a fair day in the affections, from storm and tempests; but it maketh daylight in the understanding, out of darkness, and confusion of thoughts. Neither is this to be understood only of faithful counsel, which a man receiveth from his friend; but before you come to that, certain it is, that whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify and break up, in the communicating and discoursing with another; he tosseth his thoughts more easily; he marshalleth them more orderly, he seeth how they look when they are turned into words: finally, he waxeth wiser than himself; and that more by an hours discourse, than by a days meditation. It was well said by Themistocles, to the king of Persia, That speech was like cloth of Arras, opened and put abroad; whereby the imagery doth appear in figure; whereas in thoughts they lie but as in packs. Neither is this second fruit of friendship, in opening the understanding, restrained only to such friends as are able to give a man counsel; (they indeed are best;) but even without that, a man learneth of himself, and bringeth his own thoughts to light, and whetteth his wits as against a stone, which itself cuts not. In a word, a man were better relate himself to a statua, or picture, than to suffer his thoughts to pass in smother.
Add now, to make this second fruit of friendship complete, that other point, which lieth more open, and falleth within vulgar observation; which is faithful counsel from a friend. Heraclitus saith well in one of his enigmas, Dry light is ever the best. And certain it is, that the light that a man receiveth by counsel from another, is drier and purer, than that which cometh from his own understanding and judgment; which is ever infused, and drenched, in his affections and customs. So as there is as much difference between the counsel, that a friend giveth, and that a man giveth himself, as there is between the counsel of a friend, and of a flatterer. For there is no such flatterer as is a mans self; and there is no such remedy against flattery of a mans self, as the liberty of a friend. Counsel is of two sorts: the one concerning manners, the other concerning business. For the first, the best preservative to keep the mind in health, is the faithful admonition of a friend. The calling of a mans self to a strict account, is a medicine, sometime too piercing and corrosive. Reading good books of morality, is a little flat and dead. Observing our faults in others, is sometimes improper for our case. But the best receipt (best, I say, to work, and best to take) is the admonition of a friend. It is a strange thing to behold, what gross errors and extreme absurdities many (especially of the greater sort) do commit, for want of a friend to tell them of them; to the great damage both of their fame and fortune: for, as St. James saith, they are as men that look sometimes into a glass, and presently forget their own shape and favor. As for business, a man may think, if he will, that two eyes see no more than one; or that a gamester seeth always more than a lookeron; or that a man in anger, is as wise as he that hath said over the four and twenty letters; or that a musket may be shot off as well upon the arm, as upon a rest; and such other fond and high imaginations, to think himself all in all. But when all is done, the help of good counsel is that which setteth business straight. And if any man think that he will take counsel, but it shall be by pieces; asking counsel in one business, of one man, and in another business, of another man; it is well (that is to say, better, perhaps, than if he asked none at all); but he runneth two dangers: one, that he shall not be faithfully counselled; for it is a rare thing, except it be from a perfect and entire friend, to have counsel given, but such as shall be bowed and crooked to some ends, which he hath, that giveth it. The other, that he shall have counsel given, hurtful and unsafe (though with good meaning), and mixed partly of mischief and partly of remedy; even as if you would call a physician, that is thought good for the cure of the disease you complain of, but is unacquainted with your body; and therefore may put you in way for a present cure, but overthroweth your health in some other kind; and so cure the disease, and kill the patient. But a friend that is wholly acquainted with a mans estate, will beware, by furthering any present business, how he dasheth upon other inconvenience. And therefore rest not upon scattered counsels; they will rather distract and mislead, than settle and direct.
After these two noble fruits of friendship (peace in the affections, and support of the judgment), followeth the last fruit; which is like the pomegranate, full of many kernels; I mean aid, and bearing a part, in all actions and occasions. Here the best way to represent to life the manifold use of friendship, is to cast and see how many things there are, which a man cannot do himself; and then it will appear, that it was a sparing speech of the ancients, to say, that a friend is another himself; for that a friend is far more than himself. Men have their time, and die many times, in desire of some things which they principally take to heart; the bestowing of a child, the finishing of a work, or the like. If a man have a true friend, he may rest almost secure that the care of those things will continue after him. So that a man hath, as it were, two lives in his desires. A man hath a body, and that body is confined to a place; but where friendship is, all offices of life are as it were granted to him, and his deputy. For he may exercise them by his friend. How many things are there which a man cannot, with any face or comeliness, say or do himself? A man can scarce allege his own merits with modesty, much less extol them; a man cannot sometimes brook to supplicate or beg; and a number of the like. But all these things are graceful, in a friends mouth, which are blushing in a mans own. So again, a mans person hath many proper relations, which he cannot put off. A man cannot speak to his son but as a father; to his wife but as a husband; to his enemy but upon terms: whereas a friend may speak as the case requires, and not as it sorteth with the person. But to enumerate these things were endless; I have given the rule, where a man cannot fitly play his own part; if he have not a friend, he may quit the stage.