0篇1：商务英语毕业论文开题报告范例_开题报告_网
题 目：on the characteristics & translating skills of english advertising(广告英语的特征和翻译)
选题依据及研究意义：
随着经济全球化的进一步加快，国际经济的进一步发展带动了广告业的腾飞，英语广告翻译日益成为翻译学研究的重要组成部分，广告翻译的发展对国际贸易的发展不言而喻。广告是商战中的有力的武器，广告英语是一种专门用途的英语，他与普通英语有着较大的差别，本文结合大量的实例，从广告英语的语法特点、句法特点和修辞特点三方面分析了广告英语的特点，并浅析了其翻译策略 。英语广告翻译作为翻译学的一个新的领域，引起了众多的翻译工作者和研究人员的注意，发展仍然不够成熟和完善，这篇论文正是针对这一系列的问题提出了英语广告的特点和英语广告的翻译策略等重要意义的课题。从而为英语广告的翻译提供了有效的途径，为众多的翻译工作人员提供了重要的借鉴，同时也推动广告业及广告翻译事业的长足发展。
选题的研究现状：
对于商务沟通中的礼貌策略，曾有两语言学家提出过。
美国语言学家格莱斯于1967年提出的礼貌原则被称为“合作原则”。此原则中，会话双方需要共同遵守的原则包括数量、关系、质量和方式几个准则。有了“合作原则”，交易双方所说的话就不会逻辑混乱，说话者和听话者能顺畅沟通，以达到成功交际的目的。20世纪80年代，在合作原则的基础上，英国语言学家利奇又提出了著名的“礼貌原则”，其主要内容为：通过减少自身利益，使对方从中获得更大利益的方式获得对方好感，推进合作，使对方从中获得更长远的利益。
总而言之，“合作原则”和“礼貌原则”都是要求商务信函中要坚持礼貌策略，以达到维护交易各方地位均等、关系友好的目的。
拟研究的主要内容：
1. 礼貌、礼貌原则和商务英语的表达原则;
2. 商务英语信函的写作原则
3. 礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的具体应用;
4. 商务英语信函语言表达形式中礼貌的表现。
研究的创新点及重、难点：
本研究的创新点：本研究立足于商务贸易间来往，提出了不容忽视的礼貌策略，符合现代商务沟通的基本准则，有利于更好的撰写商务英语信函，促进贸易。
本研究存在的主要问题：参考文献的局限性以及信函中的创新概念，避免千篇一律。
研究的进程安排：
20xx-1-15——20xx-2-15 确定选题，收集资料，撰写开题报告
20xx-2-16——20xx-2-18 撰写初稿
20xx-2-19——20xx-2-20 完成二稿
20xx-2-21——20xx-3-1 定稿
主要参考文献：
[1] 曹顺发，冯波，国际商务英语谈判[m].沈阳：辽宁教育出版社，2017.
[2] 彭林霞，黄莉：商务电子邮件与传统商务信函中礼貌策略的对比分析[j].温州大学学报，2017第19卷第5期：49-56.
[3] 秦晓杰：英文商务信函中的“合作”和“礼貌”[j].西安外国语学院报，2017第9卷第4期：11-14.
[4] 曹菱，商务英语谈判[m].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2017.
[5] brown g&yule, g discourse analysis,beijing:foreign language teaching and reserch press
[6] bilbow g t.phd.2017.write for modernbussiness.longman
篇2：本科英语毕业论文设计开题报告范例_开题报告_网
Proposal for BA Thesis
I.Title: A Study on the Differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese
II. Introduction
Chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. But when we put into pratice , many Chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. Therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese . It is necessary to combine the traditional research on Chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our Chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of Linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. We believe that, the process in conformity is not always Smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit China and the world finally .
III. Literature Review
Subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern Linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in Linguistics.
1, Subject is originated form the western grammar systems . In general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . According to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , Keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . The following are conclusion Trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including Keenan(1976) (参见石毓智，2019):
Subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. Subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:
1 Subject represents independent substance;
2 Subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;
3 Subject restricts the agreement in verbs;
4 Subject is the topic with no mark;
5 Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.
6 Subject is usually lack of morphological markers.
7 Subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.
His conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . Concerning Chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in Chinese. For example, Trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . He neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . Because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. And he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our Chinese .As in Chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.
2 , In 2019, Shi Yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in Chinese. His conclusion is as followed :
The form of the subject can be placed both in subordinate clause and sentence.
Subject can be focused.
Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun.
And its semantic characters are :
Subject is the actor of behavior act.
Subject is the main body of nature and state.
Shi thought that the main difference butween subject and topic is that subject is the ingredient of grammatical structure while topic belongs to the discourse concept. The former one can be put into sentence and subordinate clause; the latter only can stay in sentence aspect. But his method to distinguish subject to topic seems to be a bit vague.As in Chinese, there is a kind of sentence in unusual order, for example: “书小王看完了”. In Shi’s opinion, that is a topic structure for it can not be placed in a clause. But in fact, it belongs to a classical subject-predicate sentence. “书” is either the subject, or the topic.
3 , Since Zhao Yuanren introduced ‘topoc’ into our grammar study in Chinese , the scholars in Chinese home and abroad keep going with research on topic . Li Na & Thompson are the representatives on this issue. They’ve done a systematic contract to subject and topic. They said that topic means what is about in the sentence while subject is what the verb predicates; topic can not be indefinite and generic but subject can ; topic have to appear at the front of a sentence while subject is allowed to appear in the sentence; there always be a pause between topic with other parts of a sentence.But in Chinese , it is not necessary that the topic appear at the front of a sentence. For example: “老师，这件事让我来处理吧。” In this sentence, “这件事” is the topic ,but it doesn’t appear at the front of a sentence.
4 , It is generally accepted that subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics . But Xu Liejiong & Liu Danqing(1998) didn’t . In their thesis, they consider topic as a ingredient of syntactic structures. Just like suject and object , the topic also share a position in a sentence. As an independent ingredient , each of them should has its own position and can not be overlapped. Then, let’s analyze this following sentence “小张不来了。”. “小张” is the subject and topic at the same time. subject and topic have been overlapped, so it doesn’t work to consider topic as an ingredient of syntactic structures.
5 Qu Chengxi(1996), as a specialist of functional grammar, thought that if one only adopt his own theory when he is doing research on Chinese grammal , he will always feel impractical. We should try to appreciate other’s thinkings or even accept them if available and no conflict arisen. And I think his opinion is quite fit to grammar study on Chinese.
IV. Methods and Materials
Through reading materials from library and the Internet, I’ve acknowledged much about subject and topic in Chinese and English and their differences . Many scholars have defined the subject and topic in many different angles, such as the form, cognition,function and so on. I prefer to study subject and topic from functional grammar than from the others. At the same time , it will be basic on cognition and communication.
V. Discussion
Guided by the literature review, there is a point we should make sure, subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics whatever our research goals are and from different angles. At the same time , we have to accept that Chinese is a language that is lack of morphological change and is very difficult to distinguish subject from topic. So when we are doing this kind of research , we should try our best to define it clearly ,especially formally.
VI. Outline of the Paper
1. Introduction
2.Subject and topic in English
2.1Subject in English
2.1.1 Dispute over subject in English
2.1.2 Definition of subject in English
2.1.3 Choice of subject and its semantic role
2.2Topic in English
3. Subject and topic in Chinese
3.1Subject in Chinese
3.1.1Importance of subject to Chinese
3.1.2 Choice of subject and its semantic roles
3.2Topic in Chinese
4. A Comparison between Chinese and English
4.1 Subject in Chinese and English
4.2 Topic in Chinese and English
5. Conclusion
VII. References
[1]曹(Cao)逢甫主题在汉语中的功能研究[M]. 北京: 语文出版社, 1995: 36
[2]屈(Chu)承熹. 汉语认知功能语法[M].黑龙江: 黑龙江人民出版社，2019:2~5 .
[3]屈(Chu)承熹. 汉语功能语法刍议[J]. 世界汉语教学. 1998,4:28-42
[4]屈(Chu)承熹. 从汉语的焦点与话题看英语中的Y-Movement及其它倒装句[J]. 外语学刊. 1993.3
[5]石(Shi)毓智. 汉语的主语与话题之辨F[J]. 语言研究. 2019, 43(2): 82-91.
[6]徐(Xu)烈炯&刘(Liu)丹青. 话题的结构与功能[M].上海: 上海教育出版社, 1998: 43
[7]袁(Yuan)毓林. 话题化及其相关的语法过程[J]. 中国语文. 1996, 4
[8]张(Zhang)伯江&方(Fang)梅. 汉语功能语法研究[M]. 南昌: 江西教育出版社, 1996
篇3：本科英语毕业论文设计开题报告范例_开题报告_网
proposal for ba thesis
i.title: a study on the differences of topics and subjects in english and chinese
ii. introduction
chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. but when we put into pratice , many chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of topics and subjects in english and chinese . it is necessary to combine the traditional research on chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. we believe that, the process in conformity is not always smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit china and the world finally .
iii. literature review
subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in linguistics.
1, subject is originated form the western grammar systems . in general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . according to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . the following are conclusion trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including keenan(1976) (参见石毓智，):
subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:
1 subject represents independent substance;
2 subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;
3 subject restricts the agreement in verbs;
4 subject is the topic with no mark;
5 subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.
6 subject is usually lack of morphological markers.
7 subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.
his conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . concerning chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in chinese. for example, trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . he neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. and he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our chinese .as in chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.
2 , in , shi yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in chinese. his conclusion is as followed :
the form of the subject can be placed both in subordinate clause and sentence.
subject can be focused.
subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun.
and its semantic characters are :
subject is the actor of behavior act.
subject is the main body of nature and state.
shi thought that the main difference butween subject and topic is that subject is the ingredient of grammatical structure while topic belongs to the discourse concept. the former one can be put into sentence and subordinate clause; the latter only can stay in sentence aspect. but his method to distinguish subject to topic seems to be a bit vague.as in chinese, there is a kind of sentence in unusual order, for example: “书小王看完了”. in shi’s opinion, that is a topic structure for it can not be placed in a clause. but in fact, it belongs to a classical subject-predicate sentence. “书” is either the subject, or the topic.
3 , since zhao yuanren introduced ‘topoc’ into our grammar study in chinese , the scholars in chinese home and abroad keep going with research on topic . li na & thompson are the representatives on this issue. they’ve done a systematic contract to subject and topic. they said that topic means what is about in the sentence while subject is what the verb predicates; topic can not be indefinite and generic but subject can ; topic have to appear at the front of a sentence while subject is allowed to appear in the sentence; there always be a pause between topic with other parts of a sentence.but in chinese , it is not necessary that the topic appear at the front of a sentence. for example: “老师，这件事让我来处理吧。” in this sentence, “这件事” is the topic ,but it doesn’t appear at the front of a sentence.
4 , it is generally accepted that subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to pragmatics . but xu liejiong & liu danqing(1998) didn’t . in their thesis, they consider topic as a ingredient of syntactic structures. just like suject and object , the topic also share a position in a sentence. as an independent ingredient , each of them should has its own position and can not be overlapped. then, let’s analyze this following sentence “小张不来了。”. “小张” is the subject and topic at the same time. subject and topic have been overlapped, so it doesn’t work to consider topic as an ingredient of syntactic structures.
5 qu chengxi(1996), as a specialist of functional grammar, thought that if one only adopt his own theory when he is doing research on chinese grammal , he will always feel impractical. we should try to appreciate other’s thinkings or even accept them if available and no conflict arisen. and i think his opinion is quite fit to grammar study on chinese.
iv. methods and materials
through reading materials from library and the internet, i’ve acknowledged much about subject and topic in chinese and english and their differences . many scholars have defined the subject and topic in many different angles, such as the form, cognition,function and so on. i prefer to study subject and topic from functional grammar than from the others. at the same time , it will be basic on cognition and communication.
v. discussion
guided by the literature review, there is a point we should make sure, subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to pragmatics whatever our research goals are and from different angles. at the same time , we have to accept that chinese is a language that is lack of morphological change and is very difficult to distinguish subject from topic. so when we are doing this kind of research , we should try our best to define it clearly ,especially formally.
vi. outline of the paper
1. introduction
2.subject and topic in english
2.1subject in english
2.1.1 dispute over subject in english
2.1.2 definition of subject in english
2.1.3 choice of subject and its semantic role
2.2topic in english
3. subject and topic in chinese
3.1subject in chinese
3.1.1importance of subject to chinese
3.1.2 choice of subject and its semantic roles
3.2topic in chinese
4. a comparison between chinese and english
4.1 subject in chinese and english
4.2 topic in chinese and english
5. conclusion
vii. references
[1]曹(cao)逢甫主题在汉语中的功能研究[m]. 北京: 语文出版社, 1995: 36
[2]屈(chu)承熹. 汉语认知功能语法[m].黑龙江: 黑龙江人民出版社，:2~5 .
[3]屈(chu)承熹. 汉语功能语法刍议[j]. 世界汉语教学. 1998,4:28-42
[4]屈(chu)承熹. 从汉语的焦点与话题看英语中的y-movement及其它倒装句[j]. 外语学刊. 1993.3
[5]石(shi)毓智. 汉语的主语与话题之辨f[j]. 语言研究. , 43(2): 82-91.
[6]徐(xu)烈炯&刘(liu)丹青. 话题的结构与功能[m].上海: 上海教育出版社, 1998: 43
[7]袁(yuan)毓林. 话题化及其相关的语法过程[j]. 中国语文. 1996, 4
[8]张(zhang)伯江&方(fang)梅. 汉语功能语法研究[m]. 南昌: 江西教育出版社, 1996
篇4：英语本科论文开题报告提纲_开题报告_网
thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion