英语本科论文提纲（汇总7篇）

大学英语文学专业本科毕业论文开题报告

题目名称

河南理工大学大学英语教学现状调查研究------以地质工程专业大学英语教学为例

study on the present status of college english teaching in henan polytechnic university

------------take the geological engineering major as an example

学生姓名

专业班 级 英语10-4

学号 61100x224

一、 选题的目的和意义：

当今世界高校的大学英语( 非英语专业的英语学习) 都相继走上了esp 教学的道路( 蔡基刚，， )，而我国大学英语却始终停留在general english( 普通英语) 上( 蔡基刚，) ，我们河南理工大学地质工程的大学英语教学还处于普通英语教学时期，虽然开设了一门《地球科学》双语课程，但是没能实现大学英语教学与双语教学的融合，这方面没有老师进行专门用途英语教学的实践。

本篇论文首先对我国高校地质工程专业大学英语教学现状进行调研，并分析阻碍本专业大学英语由普通英语( ge) 向专门用途英语( esp) 转移的因素。通过本次调研可以让我们更清晰的认识到我国地质工程专业的大学英语的教学现状，为本专业英语教学由普通英语( ge) 向专门用途英语( esp) 转移提供参考数据。

《上海市大学英语教学参考框架(试行)》以获得上海市教育委员会批准，上海市专门用途英语( esp)又向前迈进了一大步;地质是矿业的基础，作为我国矿业高等学校的发源地的河南理工大学，更要做矿业方面专门用途英语教学的开拓者甚至领头羊，我们学校应该加大这一学科的探索研究。河南理工大上学地质工程专业的《地球科学》双语课在XX年已经建成为国家级双语教学示范课程，地质工程专业大学英语教学与双语教学融合为专门用途英语教学的探索可能是这一平台将来的发展方向。我呼吁我们学校外国语学院与资源环境学院尽快进行沟通合作，这也是我写这篇论文的目的。本篇论文的提出不仅对我校地质工程大学英语教学走向专门用途英语教学有促进意义，同时对其他专业也有借鉴参考作用。

二、 国内外研究综述：

我国大学英语教学大致分为三个阶段：

第一阶段是从建国后到七十年代末，起初我国的外语教育以俄语为主，62年开始推广英语教学，当时的英语教学是典型的传授式以传统系统知识为目的，后因文化大革命刚刚开始的公共英语教学也就此折腰;

第二阶段是从改革开放初至世纪末，一批归国学者从国外引进了二语习得 、语言共核 、功能意念 、语言技能 、english for general purposes (egp ) 等当时的先进理论，形成以培养学生阅读能力为主的教学模式。 1986年末 ，国家教育部高等教育司开始筹备大学英语教学的评价系统一一大学英语四 、六级考试，并沿用至今。

第三阶段是从21世纪初至今，新世纪以来 ，随着国际国内形势的不断变化 、高科技的发展 、网络技术的普及 ，社会对大学生的英语 水平及语言应用能力又有了更高的要求 。明确了大学英语的教学目 标是：“培养学生的英语综合应用 能力 ，特别是听说 能力 ，能用英语有效地进行交际 ，同时增强其自主学 习能力”。大学英语四 、六级考试在XX年和XX年也进行了改革，以适应这一要求。

国际专门用途英语起源于第二次世界大战之后， 时间大致是二十世纪的六十年代， 其标志是年月于英国伦敦召开的一次关于二语教学作为影响亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲国家和地区发展的一个因素的国际性会议)。(周平。《山东农业大学学报(社会科学版)》XX年02期)。国际专门用途在研究领域方面，不管是学术论文还是书评，占主导地位的研究方向是语篇分析。而在专门用途英语类别方面，还是以学术英语和经贸英语为主。在英语技能方面，大多数研究者主要关注写作方面的研究。(张维军。《中国esp研究》XX年01期)

我国专门用途英语 的教学研究起步较晚，直到20 世纪70 年代末才开始，大致经历了3 个发展阶段：

第一阶段是从20 世纪70 年代末至80 年代末。这一阶段国内的专门用途英语教学以科技英语为主。

第二阶段大致为20 世纪90 年代。这一阶段以介绍推广专门用途英语教学的理念为主。随着国内外经济交往的频繁，商务活动的增多，对商务英语的教学研究在这一时期逐渐取代科技英语研究成为主流。另外还产生了对金融、旅游和医学等领域英语教学的研究。

第三阶段从 年至今， 专门用途英语研究在中国全面扩大和深入。随着中国加入世贸组织，对外交流扩大到了整个社会，扩大到了科学技术经济的各个领域……一般的外语技能已很难满足市场需要，社会对专门用途英语教学的需求比以往任何时候都更迫切了。随着我国经济高速发展， 专门用途英语教学迎来了全新的发展时期。

地质工程专门用途英语是专门用途英语的一部分，其专门用途英语教学正处于起步发展阶段。地质工程专业英语教育发展较迅速，但是真正的地质工程专门用途英语教学的发展还处于萌芽阶段。

三、 毕业设计(论文)所用的主要技术与方法：

图书馆查阅资料，网上下载论文，在河南理工大学、中国矿业大学和中国地质大学实地调研，通过整理调研资料对数据进行分析。网上下载本专业大学英语课程及双语课程视频。翻译地质工程《地球科学》双语教材，从翻译实践中总结理论。与学校老师及管教学的领导交谈，整理分析交谈笔记。

四、 主要参考文献与资料获得情况：

[1] 郭剑晶。专门用途英语

. 北京：知识产权出版社，.1.

[2] 蔡基刚。我国第一份以学术英语为导向的大学英语教学指导文件的制定与说明[j]. 外语教学理论与实践，(04)。

[3] 蔡基刚。误解与偏见：阻碍我国大学esp教学发展的关键[j]. 外语教学，(01)。

[4] 蔡基刚。高等教育国际化背景下的外语教学评价体系调整[j]. 外语电化教学， (01)。

[5] 蔡基刚。专业英语及其教材对我国高校esp教学的影响[j]. 外语与外语教学， (02)。

[6] 蔡基刚。解读《上海市大学英语教学参考框架(试行)》[j]. 中国外语，(02)。

[7] 申婷。大学英语教学发展历程[j]. 中国共产党贵州省委党校学报，(02)。

[8] 张维军。 国际学术界esp 研究历史与现状：《国际专门用途英语》期刊论文分析[j]. 外语教学理论与实践，(03)。

[9] 严玲。 中国专门用途英语的教学发展趋势 [j]. 长江大学学报，(04)。

五、 毕业设计(论文)进度安排(按周说明)

第二阶段：XX年3月7日(第二周)前完成选题，交论文开题报告;

第三阶段：XX年4月18日(第八周)前完成初稿，交导师审阅;

第四阶段：XX年5月9日(第十一周)前接受论文中期检查;

第五阶段：XX年5月19日(第十二周)前 完成修订初稿，交导师审阅;

第六阶段：XX年5月23日(第十三周)前完成论文终稿，交稿。

六、 指导教师审批意见：

指导教师： (签名)

年 月 日

2018本科英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文

论文题目

o.henry’s art: irony on realism

选题的目的和意义

欧·亨利(o. henry, 1862-1910), 原名威廉·西德尼·波特(william sydney porter)，是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他出身于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。他的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。当银行出纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师。他在银行工作时，曾有过写作的经历，担任监狱医务室的药剂师后开始认真写作。19xx年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外;又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。代表作有小说集《白菜与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。这些小说诞生于同一时期，且所描写的主人公遭受的悲剧又极其的相似，那么这些作品是想向我们表达什么呢?它表达了什么样的社会现实呢?通过文章的分析，我们可以了解到这些主人公的悲剧是由那个时代造成的，也就是资本主义生产关系造成的。在资本主义兴盛发展时期，最得利还是资本家，人民大众还是受苦者。

国内外研究的现状

many scholars have studied o.henry’s works from different perspectives, such as the theme, the characteristics and also the personal background. by analyzing the theme of o.henry’s fiction, i.e., “smile with tears” and “tears with smile”, zhao shuying gave us a unique impression of o.henry’s works. what’s more, ruan wenlin thinks highly of the humanity after commenting on o.henry’s works. as forthe gift of the magi, liu wencui carefully analyzed the characters of this short story. wei rongcheng studied the numbers, the allusion of the holy bible and also the theme of his works. what’s more, many over-sea scholars have also done some research on o.henry’s works. for example, in 1986, trueman e.o’quinn and jenny linder porter published an article on the eakin magazine press, entitled “how william sydney porter became o.henry”.

要解决的问题

通过对作者写作的艺术手法的研究进一步掌握作者的现实主义概念

研究思路 主人公悲剧是由那个时代造成的，同时他们的悲剧命运也反映了那个时代特征。 通过研究反讽，包括字面反讽，结构反讽和命运反讽在他作品中的具体体现来揭示反讽这一修辞手法的功用及其产生的种种根源。这对我们研究欧·亨利现实主义，进一步认识他的创作成就和文学地位，学习与借鉴他的语言艺术和创作风格有着积极的作用。

参考文献目录

biblyography

e.hudson, long. o.henry, the man and his work,philadelphia: university of pennsylvania press, 1949.

donald f.a, peel. critical stories of o.henry, northwest missouri state college studies 25:4,1961.

e.o’quinn, trueman, and porter, jenny lind. how william sydney porter became o.henry, austin, eakin press, 1986.

arthur, voss. the american short story: a critical survey, norman: oklahoma university press, 1973.

陈华，何晓曦.《四百万》[m].外语教学与研究出版社，1988.6.

郭燕华.从《警察与赞美诗》看“欧"亨利笔法”[j].武汉教育学院外语系高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版), .10 13(5).

胡晓梅, 郭雪华.纽约的镜子—谈欧"亨利的《四百万》[j].浙江工商职业技术学院学报, .3 2(1).

金文丽.绕梁余音三日不绝—《最后一片叶子》的结构特色及其必然性[j].丽水师范专科学校学报, 1999.8 21(4).

康明强.欧"亨利短篇小说选[m].译林出版社, 1998.5(1).

刘文翠.从《麦琪的礼物》看欧"亨利的写作手法[j].东疆学刊，.3 18(1).

任诚刚, 王玉敏.杰作里的真正杰作—欧"亨利短篇小说《最后一片叶子》赏析[j] .山东师范大学外国语学院学报, (2).

阮温林.高扬人性美的主旋律—欧"亨利爱情小说艺术论[j].皖西学院学报，.4 18(2).

韦荣臣.《麦琪的礼物》新探-数字，《圣经》典故和作品主题[j].四川大学外语学院学刊，.5 17(3).

赵莉，黄春妮.欧"亨利作品导读[m].武汉：武汉大学出版社，.8.

赵书颖.“含泪的笑”与“含笑的泪”—浅析欧"亨利小说的主题[j].黑龙江教育学院学报，.3 23(2).

introduction

1. irony and its classification in o.henrys fiction

1.1 definition

1.2 classification

1. 2.1 verbal irony

1. 2.2 structural irony

1. 2.3 cosmic irony

2. function of irony

2. 1 critical exposure of the theme

2. 2 distinctive portrait of the characters

2. 3 perfect construction of the plot

2.4 adequate impression of the temperament

3. the underlying causes of the recurrence of irony in o.henrys fiction

3. 1 life of o.henry

3. 2 the democratic mind of o.henry

3. 3the influence of others

conclusion

bibliography

作品如下：

the gift of the magi and a service of love

the cop and the anthem the cop and the anthem

the last leaf

the romance of a busy broker

schools and schools

浅谈本科英语论文开题报告的选题要领

[关键词]英语文学论文;论文写作;选题

目前,国内已有不少院校的英语专业为了提高本科生的论文写作水平,专门开设英语论文写作方面的课程。本科英语专业论文写作涉及的范围有:英语语言学、英语文学、英汉互译、英语文化、英语教学法、中外关系、专门用途英语等,每个方向的论文写作都有其相应的具体内容、侧重点及要求,不能概而言之。国内外已有不少论文写作手册、专著用单独的章节甚至全文对某些方向的写作问题进行探讨和论述。本文仅就论文写作中的选题问题作一探讨和总结,希望能对学生有所裨益。

一、选择作家、作品,明确研究范围 所谓的选题就是确定研究课题,或者说,就是选择论题和确定论文题目。对英语专业本科生而言,英语文学论文的选题通常意味着要先选择作家和作品。通常确定作家、作品并不困难,学生可以根据自己的兴趣,也可以根据指导老师的推荐做出选择;难的是,如何使选题具有一定的新意和研究价值。在指导本科生论文的实践中,笔者发现许多学生愿意选择熟悉的一些经典作品,如《雾都孤儿》、《傲慢与偏见》、《简·爱》、《呼啸山庄》、《德伯家的苔丝》、《虹》、《红字》、《白鲸》、《哈克贝利·芬历险记》、《贵妇人的画像》、《嘉莉妹妹》、《永别了,武器》、《老人与海》等。选择经典作家的代表作品为研究对象并不是不可以,但对于一般本科生而言,要就这些作品的某一方面进行较为深入、有创意的探讨,这是有相当难度的。因为,对于某一经典文本的某些问题,国内外评论界可能早有定论,而一般的学生尚不能用当代文论的新视角去解读,很难提出自己的新解。鉴于此,我们不妨建议学生去关注那些经典作家的其他重要作品,如美国文学,我们可向学生推荐马克·吐温的《傻瓜威尔逊》和《神秘的陌生人》、麦尔维尔的《雷德本》和《比利·巴德》、詹姆斯的《鸽翼》、和《金碗》、霍桑与海明威等人的某部(些)短篇;学生还可关注当时被评论界忽略的或未能予以足够关注的一些“边缘” 作家的重要作品,如凯特·肖邦的《觉醒》、佐拉· 尼·赫斯顿的《她们眼望上苍》;当然,也可以让学生去关注一些现当代作家的近作、新作,如科马克·麦卡锡的“边境三部曲”,包括《骏马》 (1992)、《穿越》(1994)和《平原上的城市》 (1998)。国内有关这些作品的评论也许较少, 但学生如果能尝试去分析、解读它们,则可能写出有新意的论文,避免那种人云亦云、“炒冷饭” 的现象。

二、研读原著,查阅相关评论 确定作家、作品之后,最为重要的事情就是确定论题(即论文要论证的命题)和考虑论文的题目。选题意味着某种成熟的思考,论题和论文的题目绝不是凭空产生的。要找到一个好的切入点,至少要认真做好两项工作。 1.研读原著 必须把所选定的作品(英文原版作品)认真、反复地阅读几遍。有些同学为了节省时间,只阅读中译本,这是不可取的。中译本作为一种参考资料是可以的,但不宜将其作为原著阅读的主要根据。因为,中译本有时由于译本的质量(如错译、漏译、简译)、版本(陈旧)以及英汉语言文化差异等问题,难免出现一些误导性的信息。阅读原著是一个需要耐心和思考的过程。阅读时,学生应熟悉所选文本的一切构成要素。比如一部小说,需要了解它的情节、背景、主要事件、人物、场景、氛围、基调、冲突、重要细节、故事的叙述者、叙述角度、语言特点乃至整部作品的结构、主题等。而且,在阅读的过程中还要认真地做好读书笔记,即记下对作品某些构成要素的最初印象和反应,并要细心地琢磨一下这些局部的因素在整体结构中究竟起到什么作用。笔记的内容通常是很感性的、零碎的,但经过多遍的阅读、思考和取舍,会逐渐找到能使它们条理化的中心点。有学者指出,读解文学作品的基本方法是, 多问一些“为什么”并努力去思考它们的答案。以下是nadell等人为学生阅读文学作品而设置的一些重要问题,[1](p34-53)值得参考:(1)作品的主题是什么?作品的结构、情节、人物刻画、意象及其它艺术手法如何强化这些主题? (2) 作品的结构和形态有何特点?作家选择这种形式的可能原因是什么?作品可分成哪几部分? 有哪些词语、意象被重复?它们是否形成某种特色? (3)情节是如何展开的?作家在什么地方用了伏笔?高潮在哪里?结局如何? (4)人物的性格特点是如何体现出来的? (5)作家的观点是什么?作品隐含了作家的哪些价值观和态度?作家是否有宗教、种族、性别或其他方面的偏向等。 2.查阅国内(外)的相关介绍、评论 国内有关文学作品方面的评论,可参阅的主要专业期刊有:《外国文学评论》、《国外文学》、《外国文学》、《外国文学研究》和《当代外国文学》等。有条件的学生还可利用因特网登陆相关的专业网站。通过查阅有关资料,了解某些论题的研究状况(但要注意不可在阅读原著之前就去细读别人的评论,以免妨碍自己的思考)。通过对有关资料的分析、比较,可以进一步确定研究的内容和范围。假如你评论的是一部小说,那么就可以把你的思路集中在两个方面:(1)艺术手法方面,包括叙述者、叙述角度、语言特点、人物刻画、结构安排等;(2)思想主题方面,包括人物的思想意识、作家的思想观念和人生哲学、作品的社会意义等。其实,涉及相关问题的研究状况也是论文写作的重要组成部分。devlin等人强调,文学评论是一种综合性的而非局限于某一专门领域的研究,评论者对其他相关研究成果做出分析和评价是很有必要的。[2](p66)在他们看来,一篇文学论文的学术性在很大程度上就是从这里体现出来的。

英语本科论文开题报告提纲

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

本科英语毕业论文(设计)开题报告范例

Proposal for BA Thesis

I.Title: A Study on the Differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese

II. Introduction

Chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. But when we put into pratice , many Chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. Therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese . It is necessary to combine the traditional research on Chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our Chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of Linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. We believe that, the process in conformity is not always Smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit China and the world finally .

III. Literature Review

Subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern Linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in Linguistics.

1, Subject is originated form the western grammar systems . In general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . According to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , Keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . The following are conclusion Trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including Keenan(1976) (参见石毓智，2019):

Subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. Subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:

1 Subject represents independent substance;

2 Subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;

3 Subject restricts the agreement in verbs;

4 Subject is the topic with no mark;

5 Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.

6 Subject is usually lack of morphological markers.

7 Subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.

His conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . Concerning Chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in Chinese. For example, Trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . He neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . Because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. And he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our Chinese .As in Chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.

2 , In 2019, Shi Yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in Chinese. His conclusion is as followed :

The form of the subject can be placed both in subordinate clause and sentence.

Subject can be focused.

Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun.

And its semantic characters are :

Subject is the actor of behavior act.

Subject is the main body of nature and state.

Shi thought that the main difference butween subject and topic is that subject is the ingredient of grammatical structure while topic belongs to the discourse concept. The former one can be put into sentence and subordinate clause; the latter only can stay in sentence aspect. But his method to distinguish subject to topic seems to be a bit vague.As in Chinese, there is a kind of sentence in unusual order, for example: “书小王看完了”. In Shi’s opinion, that is a topic structure for it can not be placed in a clause. But in fact, it belongs to a classical subject-predicate sentence. “书” is either the subject, or the topic.

3 , Since Zhao Yuanren introduced ‘topoc’ into our grammar study in Chinese , the scholars in Chinese home and abroad keep going with research on topic . Li Na & Thompson are the representatives on this issue. They’ve done a systematic contract to subject and topic. They said that topic means what is about in the sentence while subject is what the verb predicates; topic can not be indefinite and generic but subject can ; topic have to appear at the front of a sentence while subject is allowed to appear in the sentence; there always be a pause between topic with other parts of a sentence.But in Chinese , it is not necessary that the topic appear at the front of a sentence. For example: “老师，这件事让我来处理吧。” In this sentence, “这件事” is the topic ,but it doesn’t appear at the front of a sentence.

4 , It is generally accepted that subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics . But Xu Liejiong & Liu Danqing(1998) didn’t . In their thesis, they consider topic as a ingredient of syntactic structures. Just like suject and object , the topic also share a position in a sentence. As an independent ingredient , each of them should has its own position and can not be overlapped. Then, let’s analyze this following sentence “小张不来了。”. “小张” is the subject and topic at the same time. subject and topic have been overlapped, so it doesn’t work to consider topic as an ingredient of syntactic structures.

5 Qu Chengxi(1996), as a specialist of functional grammar, thought that if one only adopt his own theory when he is doing research on Chinese grammal , he will always feel impractical. We should try to appreciate other’s thinkings or even accept them if available and no conflict arisen. And I think his opinion is quite fit to grammar study on Chinese.

IV. Methods and Materials

Through reading materials from library and the Internet, I’ve acknowledged much about subject and topic in Chinese and English and their differences . Many scholars have defined the subject and topic in many different angles, such as the form, cognition,function and so on. I prefer to study subject and topic from functional grammar than from the others. At the same time , it will be basic on cognition and communication.

V. Discussion

Guided by the literature review, there is a point we should make sure, subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics whatever our research goals are and from different angles. At the same time , we have to accept that Chinese is a language that is lack of morphological change and is very difficult to distinguish subject from topic. So when we are doing this kind of research , we should try our best to define it clearly ,especially formally.

VI. Outline of the Paper

1. Introduction

2.Subject and topic in English

2.1Subject in English

2.1.1 Dispute over subject in English

2.1.2 Definition of subject in English

2.1.3 Choice of subject and its semantic role

2.2Topic in English

3. Subject and topic in Chinese

3.1Subject in Chinese

3.1.1Importance of subject to Chinese

3.1.2 Choice of subject and its semantic roles

3.2Topic in Chinese

4. A Comparison between Chinese and English

4.1 Subject in Chinese and English

4.2 Topic in Chinese and English

5. Conclusion

VII. References

[1]曹(Cao)逢甫主题在汉语中的功能研究[M]. 北京: 语文出版社, 1995: 36

[2]屈(Chu)承熹. 汉语认知功能语法[M].黑龙江: 黑龙江人民出版社，2019:2~5 .

[3]屈(Chu)承熹. 汉语功能语法刍议[J]. 世界汉语教学. 1998,4:28-42

[4]屈(Chu)承熹. 从汉语的焦点与话题看英语中的Y-Movement及其它倒装句[J]. 外语学刊. 1993.3

[5]石(Shi)毓智. 汉语的主语与话题之辨F[J]. 语言研究. 2019, 43(2): 82-91.

[6]徐(Xu)烈炯&刘(Liu)丹青. 话题的结构与功能[M].上海: 上海教育出版社, 1998: 43

[7]袁(Yuan)毓林. 话题化及其相关的语法过程[J]. 中国语文. 1996, 4

[8]张(Zhang)伯江&方(Fang)梅. 汉语功能语法研究[M]. 南昌: 江西教育出版社, 1996

本科英语毕业论文(设计)开题报告范例

proposal for ba thesis

i.title: a study on the differences of topics and subjects in english and chinese

ii. introduction

chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. but when we put into pratice , many chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of topics and subjects in english and chinese . it is necessary to combine the traditional research on chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. we believe that, the process in conformity is not always smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit china and the world finally .

iii. literature review

subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in linguistics.

1, subject is originated form the western grammar systems . in general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . according to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . the following are conclusion trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including keenan(1976) (参见石毓智，):

subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:

1 subject represents independent substance;

2 subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;

3 subject restricts the agreement in verbs;

4 subject is the topic with no mark;

5 subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.

6 subject is usually lack of morphological markers.

7 subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.

his conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . concerning chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in chinese. for example, trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . he neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. and he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our chinese .as in chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.

2 , in , shi yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in chinese. his conclusion is as followed :

the form of the subject can be placed both in subordinate clause and sentence.

subject can be focused.

subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun.

and its semantic characters are :

subject is the actor of behavior act.

subject is the main body of nature and state.

shi thought that the main difference butween subject and topic is that subject is the ingredient of grammatical structure while topic belongs to the discourse concept. the former one can be put into sentence and subordinate clause; the latter only can stay in sentence aspect. but his method to distinguish subject to topic seems to be a bit vague.as in chinese, there is a kind of sentence in unusual order, for example: “书小王看完了”. in shi’s opinion, that is a topic structure for it can not be placed in a clause. but in fact, it belongs to a classical subject-predicate sentence. “书” is either the subject, or the topic.

3 , since zhao yuanren introduced ‘topoc’ into our grammar study in chinese , the scholars in chinese home and abroad keep going with research on topic . li na & thompson are the representatives on this issue. they’ve done a systematic contract to subject and topic. they said that topic means what is about in the sentence while subject is what the verb predicates; topic can not be indefinite and generic but subject can ; topic have to appear at the front of a sentence while subject is allowed to appear in the sentence; there always be a pause between topic with other parts of a sentence.but in chinese , it is not necessary that the topic appear at the front of a sentence. for example: “老师，这件事让我来处理吧。” in this sentence, “这件事” is the topic ,but it doesn’t appear at the front of a sentence.

4 , it is generally accepted that subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to pragmatics . but xu liejiong & liu danqing(1998) didn’t . in their thesis, they consider topic as a ingredient of syntactic structures. just like suject and object , the topic also share a position in a sentence. as an independent ingredient , each of them should has its own position and can not be overlapped. then, let’s analyze this following sentence “小张不来了。”. “小张” is the subject and topic at the same time. subject and topic have been overlapped, so it doesn’t work to consider topic as an ingredient of syntactic structures.

5 qu chengxi(1996), as a specialist of functional grammar, thought that if one only adopt his own theory when he is doing research on chinese grammal , he will always feel impractical. we should try to appreciate other’s thinkings or even accept them if available and no conflict arisen. and i think his opinion is quite fit to grammar study on chinese.

iv. methods and materials

through reading materials from library and the internet, i’ve acknowledged much about subject and topic in chinese and english and their differences . many scholars have defined the subject and topic in many different angles, such as the form, cognition,function and so on. i prefer to study subject and topic from functional grammar than from the others. at the same time , it will be basic on cognition and communication.

v. discussion

guided by the literature review, there is a point we should make sure, subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to pragmatics whatever our research goals are and from different angles. at the same time , we have to accept that chinese is a language that is lack of morphological change and is very difficult to distinguish subject from topic. so when we are doing this kind of research , we should try our best to define it clearly ,especially formally.

vi. outline of the paper

1. introduction

2.subject and topic in english

2.1subject in english

2.1.1 dispute over subject in english

2.1.2 definition of subject in english

2.1.3 choice of subject and its semantic role

2.2topic in english

3. subject and topic in chinese

3.1subject in chinese

3.1.1importance of subject to chinese

3.1.2 choice of subject and its semantic roles

3.2topic in chinese

4. a comparison between chinese and english

4.1 subject in chinese and english

4.2 topic in chinese and english

5. conclusion

vii. references

[1]曹(cao)逢甫主题在汉语中的功能研究[m]. 北京: 语文出版社, 1995: 36

[2]屈(chu)承熹. 汉语认知功能语法[m].黑龙江: 黑龙江人民出版社，:2~5 .

[3]屈(chu)承熹. 汉语功能语法刍议[j]. 世界汉语教学. 1998,4:28-42

[4]屈(chu)承熹. 从汉语的焦点与话题看英语中的y-movement及其它倒装句[j]. 外语学刊. 1993.3

[5]石(shi)毓智. 汉语的主语与话题之辨f[j]. 语言研究. , 43(2): 82-91.

[6]徐(xu)烈炯&刘(liu)丹青. 话题的结构与功能[m].上海: 上海教育出版社, 1998: 43

[7]袁(yuan)毓林. 话题化及其相关的语法过程[j]. 中国语文. 1996, 4

[8]张(zhang)伯江&方(fang)梅. 汉语功能语法研究[m]. 南昌: 江西教育出版社, 1996

英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告范文（最新）

课题名称(中/英文)

英汉习语翻译折射出的文化差异

(the culture differences in the translation of english & chinese idioms)

一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义：

20世纪90年代以来,我国语言学界对英汉语言文化对比的研究方兴未艾,不同层面,不同角度的全方位研究正在不断深入,其中,张培基的>(1979)和胡文仲的>()最具代表性.在国外,esl/efl习语习得研究已经逐步引起关注,理论研究方面以nida eugene a.(1974)的理论研究为主要代表.近年来,国内外有关英汉习语专题研究的论文也相继公开发表,为英汉习语的进一步深入研究奠定了基础。

意义：英汉习语承载着不同民族的文化特色和文化信息，它们与文化传统紧密相连，不可分割。习语中的文化因素往往是翻译的难点。本选题以英汉习语为切入点，进行较为深入的文化对比研究，通过文化差异在语言系统中的积淀，反映一个民族的历史、宗教信仰、风俗习惯、思维模式等特征在习语上的表现，有助于学习者更好的了解和掌握英汉习语。

二、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题：

本选题重在研究英汉习语折射出的文化差异，以及由此衍生出的英汉习语翻译方法的不同，理论说明与实例分析相结合。

难点：如何从文化差异的角度归纳、总结英汉习语的翻译方法。

创新点：将习语作为一种文化现象而非仅仅语言现象加以研究。

三、研究步骤、方法及措施：

1.引言

2.文化及文化差异

2.1文化的定义

2.2文化差异的客观存在性

3.文化与语言

3.1文化与语言的关系

4.习语

4.1习语的定义

4.2习语的范围和产生的原因

4.3习语的比喻义

4.4习语的引申义

5.中西文化背景差异

5.1思维模式差异

5.2历史典故差异

5.3宗教信仰差异

5.4风俗习惯差异

5.4.1英汉动物词的文化差异

5.4.2英汉数字词的文化差异

5.4.3英汉颜色词的文化差异

6.英汉习语的翻译方法

6.1直译法

6.2意译法

6.3增译法

6.4音译兼加注法

6.5代换法

研究方法和措施：

本篇研究的主要方法是在选定课题后，从图书馆找出相应的参考书籍，结合所学课程的相关内容，最后在网上寻找更多更新的数据、资料和有参考价值的文献。

四、研究工作进度：

6月，提交开题报告。

7——8月，搜集资料，写论文。

9月，修改论文，提交论文。

五、主要参考文献：

[1]a.johnson.common english proverbs.longman, 1971

[2]claire kramsch.language and culture [m].shanghai:shanghai foreign language education press,

[3]ivor h.evans.brewer’s dictionary of phrase&fable revised london.1981

[4]longman dictionary of english idioms.1979 [5]nida,eugene a.language,culture and translating.shanghai:shanghai foreign language press,1993

[6]nida,e.a.&taber,c.the theory and practice of translation.brill lyden,1974

[7]pinkham,joan.the translator’s guide to chinglish[m].beijing:foreign language teaching and research press,

[8]peter newark..a textbook of translation.shanghai:shnaghai foreign language education press.:58-145 [9]tytler,a.essays on the principles of translation.london.dent,1971

[10]包惠南。文化语境与语言翻译[m]。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。

[11]邓炎昌，刘润清。语言与文化—英汉语言文化对比研究[m]。上海：上海外语教育出版社，

[12]胡文仲。英语习语与英美文化[m]。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。：103-177

[13]胡文仲。英美文化词典[m]。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。1995

[14]刘永红。从汉英语言的差异看中西文化的不同[j]。英语学习，(1)

[15]尤金奈达著《语言文化与翻译》严久生译。呼和浩特：内蒙古大学出版社，1998

[16]张爱群。从思维方式差异看中西文化差异[j]。中学政治报，

[17]张宁。英汉习语的文化差异及翻译[j]。中国翻译，1999，(3)

[18]张培基。习语汉译英研究。北京：商务印书馆，1979

[19]张若兰。英汉习语的特点及其文化差异

[20]朱耀先。谈谈中西文化差异与翻译[j]。中国翻译，1997，(4)