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同位语从句讲解及练习题
一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从� 同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别
明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限 同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的`性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：
1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.
A. what B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
巩固性练习：
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. hat B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D./
6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面：
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是
idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词？而定语从句的先行词可以是名词？代词？主句的一部分或是整个主句？如：
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位语从句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. (同位语从句)
Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们的队赢了，这让我们很高兴？(定语从句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你找的那位医生在房间里面？(定语从句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习？(定语从句，代词all作先行词？)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的？(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息？)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的？(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语？)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有？(同位语从句，补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言？)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺？(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语？)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句？如：
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑？(同位语从句)
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事？(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略？that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替？如：
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了？(同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略？)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组？(定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略？)
1。 由that引导
1、We heard the news that our team had won。 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
2、They were worried over the fact that you were sick。 他们为你生病发愁。
3、I’ve e to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that。 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
4、The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen。 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
5、He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun。 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
6、The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true。 明天放假的消息不实。
【注意1】在某些名词（如demand， wish， suggestion， resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：
1、They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished。 他们应对废除这个税的要求。
2、I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker。 我理解他们期望你作主要发言人的殷切情绪。
3、They expressed the wish that she accept the award。 他们表示期望她理解这笔奖金。
4、The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman。 采纳新规则的推荐是主席提出的。
5、The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried。 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议透过了。
6、There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team。 有一项推荐是布朗就应离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也能够省去。如：
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane。 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2。 由whether引导
1、We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy。 我们不是在调查他是否能够信任的问题。
2、There is some doubt whether he will e。 他是否会来还不必须。
3、The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result。 这个是对还是错要看结果。
4、Answer my question whether you are ing。 你回答我的问题：你来不来。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
3。 由连接代词引导
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你明白什么时候开始吗？
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters。 After that I went back to work in a factory。 Then I had no idea what a casino was。 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不明白赌场是什么样的地方。
4。 由连接副词引导
1、You have no idea how worried I was! 你不明白我多着急！
2、It is a question how he did it。 那是一个他如何做的问题。
3、He had no idea why she left。 他不明白�
4、I have no idea when he will e back。 我不明白他什么时候回来。
二、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。如：
1、The rumour spread that a new school would be built here。 谣传那里要盖一所新学校。
2、The story goes that he beats his wife。 传说他打老婆。
3、Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town。 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
4、The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city。 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
5、The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery。 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
6、The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village。 不久命令下来，所有居民都务必撤出村子。
同位语的从句与先行词等同或同位，其先行词为：advice，indication，assumption，agreement，danger，fact，news，idea，thought，question，problem，
reply，report，remark，word，information，promise，reason，answer，doubt， discovery，fear，message，proposal， story，theory，request，
truth，opinion，hope，suggestion，conclusion，order，decision，
possibility等抽象名词。关联词常用that，偶尔whether用引导，有时结合语意也可用疑问代词who，which，what和疑问副词where， when，why，how等引导。例如：
1。They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick。
2。Where did you get the idea that I could not e?
3。Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia。
4。There is a real danger that Oxford will not retain its world position。
5。Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was ing to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
6。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
7。There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up。毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词，同位语从句)
8。The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule be adopted。采纳新规则的提议是主席提出来的。
9。Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower。
10。There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historians inquiry。
所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
11。I have no idea where I should go。
12。I have no idea how I can get to the railway station。
13。We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation。到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
14。It si a question how he did it。他如何做了此事，是个问题。
15。I have no idea when he will be back．我不明白他什么时候回来。
16。He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order。他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)
英语语法中的从句有：名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同位语从句)、形容词性从句(定语从句)、副词性从句(状语从句)。
英语从句的重点是，熟悉连接从句的连词、关系词的各种含义以及用法。
一、名词性从句
英语语法中的名词性从句，在句子中起名词或者名词词组作用。 在英语复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此，自然就有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.同位语从句
说明前一个名词具体内容的从句，一般位于被说明的名语之后，在含义上它与被说明的名词相等。
•引导同位语从句的连词，最常见的是that，其次还有whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词。
1.由that引导
The fact that everyone loves money is common sense.
人人爱钱是常识。
注意：此句的the fact=that everyone loves money
说明同位语从句的名词，只是表达“语言、想法、事实”等少数抽象名词，大多数句词不能也不需要接同位语从句，常见的有：
idea想法
thought想法
question问题
fact事实
belief信念
answer回答
reply回复
rumor谣言
news消息
order命令
hope希望
promise诺言
suggestion建议
doubt怀疑
saying格言
I like the idea that we hold an evening party.
我喜欢开晚会这个想法。
Do you remember your promise that you treat us to hamburgers?
你还记得你请我们吃汉堡包的承诺吗？
The hope that every family owns a car will come true.
每家有小车的希望会实现的。
注意：引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
例如：
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 由whether引导
There is some doubt whether he will come.
他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming.
你回答我的问题：你来不来。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.
这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trust worthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
注意： whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
3. 由连接代词引导
Have you any idea what time it starts?
你知道什么时候开始吗？
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was.
从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。
4. 由连接副词引导
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no idea why she left.
他不知道�
You have no idea how worried I was!
你不知道我多着急！
二、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。
例如：
The story goes that he beats his wife.
传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.
消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.
谣传这里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.
有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。
以上的同位语从句用法解析中不难看出，同位语从句的引导词和关于分离同位语从句的一些内容都是需要我们注意的。
怎样区别同位语从句和定语从句？
同位语从句就没有关系代词，称为引导词，你的问法就不对！看下面的解释吧！应该好理解！
举两个例子：
1.The news that he will come back is true.(同位语从句)
2.The news that he told me is true.(定语从句)
区分方法有两种：
1.同位语从句中从句是被修饰词的具体内容，是它的补充说明，定语从句中从句是起限定作用，不是被修饰词的具体内容。两句中的被修饰的词都是news,但是第一句中的从句that he will come back是news的具体内容(补充说明：消息是他将会回来);而第二句that he told me就不是news的具体内容了，而是限定他告诉我的消息。
2.把被修饰的词和从句用be动词连成一句话，句子成立的就是同位语从句，不完整的是定语从句。比如，第一句就是 the news is that he will come back(消息是他将会回来)句子完整。第二句是 the news is that he told me(消息是他告诉我，告诉什么却没有说)句子不完整。所以第一句是同位语从句，第二句是定语从句了。
作者|丹丹英语
公众号：英语语法学习
一、同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。
1。 由whether引导
There is some doubt whether he will e。 他是否会来还不必须。
Answer my question whether you are ing。 你回答我的问题：你来不来。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result。 这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy。 我们不是在调查他是否能够信任的问题。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
2。 由that引导
We heard the news that our team had won。 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick。 他们为你生病发愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true。 明天放假的消息不实。
I’ve e to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that。 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen。 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun。 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand， wish， suggestion， resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished。 他们应对废除这个税的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award。 他们表示期望她理解这笔奖金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team。 有一项提议是布朗应当离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman。 采纳新规则的提议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried。 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议经过了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker。 我理解他们期望你作主要发言人的殷切心境。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也能够省去。如：
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane。 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
3。 由连接副词引导
I have no idea when he will e back。 我不明白他什么时候回来。
It is a question how he did it。 那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no idea why she left。 他不明白�
You have no idea how worried I was! 你不明白我多着急！
4。 由连接代词引导
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你明白什么时候开始吗？
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters。 After that I went back to work in a factory。 Then I had no idea what a casino was。 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不明白赌场是什么样的地方。
二、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。如：
The story goes that he beats his wife。 传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery。 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here。 谣传那里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town。 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city。 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village。 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1．意义的不一样
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体资料的，它与被修饰词语通常能够划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will e。 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的资料就是that he will e，故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us。 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的资料的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)
2。 引导词的功能上的不一样
that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
3。 引导词的不一样
what， how， if， whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
4。 被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope， wish， idea， news， fact， promise， opinion， suggestion， truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则十分广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时光和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不必须；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不必须：
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice。 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )
The reason why he didn’t e to the meeting is that he is ill。 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)
I have no idea when they will e 。 我不明白他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there。。 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)
Word came that he had been abroad。 (同位语从句)
Our team has won the game， which made us very happy。
我们的队赢了，这让我们很高兴？(定语从句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room。
你找的那位医生在房间里面？(定语从句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study。他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮忙他的学习？(定语从句，代词all作先行词？)
2。 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
The news that our team has won the game was true。 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的？(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息？)
The news that he told me yesterday was true。 昨日他告诉我的那个消息是真的？(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语？)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich。 我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他十分富有？(同位语从句，补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言？)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children。 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺？(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语？)
3。 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how， whether， what能够引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句？如：
That question whether we need it has not been considered。 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有研究？(同位语从句)
I have no idea what has happened to him。 我不明白他发生了什么事？(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还能够用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略？that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替？如：
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday。 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨日收到了？(同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略？)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups。 我们昨日收到的命令是我们应当派几个人去帮忙别的几个小组？(定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，能够省略？)
一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从� 同位语从句一般用that， whether，what， which， who， when， where， why， how 等词引导，常放在fact， news， idea， truth， hope， problem， information， wish，promise， answer， evidence， report， explanation， suggestion， conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体资料。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在资料上为同一关系，对其资料作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school。他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部资料，所以该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1。如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once。将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部资料，且意义完整，所以应用that引导同位语从句。
2。如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time。我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部资料，所以应用whether引导同位语从句。
3。如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when， where， how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back。
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部资料，所以应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home， perhaps by bike。
析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部资料，所以应用how引导同位语从句。
4。当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city。
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不一样于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部资料的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时能够在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且贴合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false。
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：
1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities。
A。 while B。 that C。 when D。 as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的资料，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward。
A。 what B。 that C。 when D。 as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth。(MET91)
A。 it B。 which C。 this D。 that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly。
A。 it B。 which C。 this D。 that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的资料，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
巩固性练习：
1。 The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all。
A。 that B。 what C。 why D。 which
2。 The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability。
A。 hat B。 what C。 which D。 why
3。 The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly。
A。 what B。 that C。 why D。 when
4。 His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down。
A。 which B。 that C。 D。 it
5。 I have no idea ____ he will start。
A。 when B。 that C。 what D。
6。 I've e from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow。
A。 if B。 that C。 whether D。 which
7。 The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him。
A。 when B。 which C。 what D。 that
8。 The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late。
A。 which B。 whether C。 that D。 what
9。 The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease。
A。 that B。 as C。 of which D。 which
10。 He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing。
A。 whether B。 where C。 that D。 when
Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面：
1。 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea，fact，news，hope，belief，suggestion，proposal，word，thought，doubt，truth，possibility，promise，order等有必须内涵的名词？而定语从句的先行词能够是名词？代词？主句的一部分或是整个主句？如：
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed。 (同位语从句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting。
1、She hasn't made the decision whether she should give up。 她还没决定她是否应当放下。
2、I have no idea what has happened to him。 我不明白他发生了什么事。
3、There was no doubt that he is honest man。 毫无疑问他是诚实的人。
4、You have no idea how worried I was。 你不明白我当时有多担忧。
5、I have no idea why he resigned。 我不明白他为何辞职。
6、I have no idea when he will be back。 我不明白他什么时候会回来。
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体资料。如：
I heard the news that our team had won 。我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here 。我不明白你在那里。
二、能够跟同位语从句的名词通常有news ，idea ，fact ，promise ，question ，doubt ，thought ，hope ，message ，suggestion ，words （消息），possibility 等。如：
I’ve e from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon 。 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他这天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that ，whether ，连接副词 how，when， where 等。（注：if，which 不能引导同位语从句。）如：
l have no idea when he will be back 。我不明白他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not。
他务必回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
另外，where， when， why， how， who， what 等在引导同位语从句时，一般只用于I have no idea 。。。 结构中， 但有人认为， 其实这种类型的同位语从句就应列入宾语从句的范畴，因为I have no idea 意思就是I don't know 。。。
如：I have no idea where I should go。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station
四、有时同位语从句能够不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later ，word came that Napoleon himself was ing to ins pect them 。
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 。 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
【相关阅读】
同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的资料；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些状况。如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true 。我透过了考试这一消息是真的。
（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的资料。）
The news that he told me just now is true 。他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）
2、从句是否有疑问的好处。如：
eg。Do you remember the day when i told you that i loved you?（when引导的从句不表示疑问，所以这是一个定语从句。）
eg。I have asked the question why it was true just now。（why引导的从句表示疑问，所以这是一个同位语从句。）
一个名词（或其它形式） 对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式） 就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一齐。（也有例外，如：Information has been put forward that more middle school gradu ates will be admitted into universities。 ）
3、关系词在句中是否做成分 。如：
The idea that puters can recognize human voices surprises many pe ople。
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that 在从句中不充当任何成份。）
The idea that he gave surprises many people 。他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
（that 在从句中作gave 的宾语。）
4、被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope， wish， idea， news， fact， promise， opinion， suggestion， truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则十分广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时光和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不必须；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不必须：
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice。 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选取。(同位语从句
The reason why he didn’t e to the meeting is that he is ill。 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。（定语从句）
I have no idea when they will e 。 我不明白他们什么时候来。（同位语从句）
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there。。 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。（定语从句）
典型例题
例1：I have no idea when he will be back。
析：he will be back 好处不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea 的全部资料，因此应用when 引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home ，perhaps by bike。
析：he went home 好处不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression 的全部资料，因此应用how 引导同位语从句。
例3：She heard a terrible noise ，____ brought her heart into her mouth。 (MET91)
A。it B。which C。this D。that
析：答案为B。 分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise ，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于： I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly。
A。it B。which C。this D。that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly与the terrible noise修饰的都是她的哭声，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
例4：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduat es will be admitted into universities。 （NMET2001上海）
A。while B。that C。when D。as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universit ies 是Information 的资料，且Information 不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into univer sities ，this is the information ____ has been put forward。
A。what B。that C。when D。as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward 为information 的修饰性定语，且inf ormation 在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。