朋友们，我们今天参观的下一站是享有“中国第一古刹”之称的白马寺。白马寺位于洛阳城东约12千米处，距今已有1900多年的历史了。白马寺初创于东汉永平十一年，即公元68年，是佛教传入中国后，由官府创办的第一座寺院，是源于南亚次大陆的佛教在辽阔的中华大地上赖以生存和发展的第一座提道声，被佛教界尊称是“祖庭”和“释源”。“祖庭”即祖师之庭院，“释源”即佛教的发源地。它对佛教在中国的传播和发展，对促进中外思想文分化交流都起到了积极的作用。
一提到白马寺呢，我想大家的脑海里会更清晰的浮现出唐僧取经的那匹白马吧，那告诉大家的是，它可比唐僧取经早560多年呢!
说到“白马寺”三个字，大家会问，既然不是白龙马的马，又为什么叫“白马寺”呢。首先给大家介绍一下“寺”字。那“寺”字是源于我国封建社会交外机构鸿胪寺的“寺”，后来成为我国的寺院的通称。白马寺呢，民间一直流传着一个白马驮经的故事。在东汉永平七年的一个晚上，刘秀之子汉明帝刘庄夜宿南宫，梦见一个身高丈六，头顶放光的金人自西而来，在殿庭飞绕。第二天早上，汉明帝召集大臣，把这个梦告诉大臣们，博学的傅毅启奏道：臣听说，西方有佛，就像您梦到的那样。明帝听罢，信以为真，于是派蔡音，秦景等十余人出使西域求佛经。蔡秦余人于公元65年离开洛阳，踏上了“西天取经”之路。大月氏中(今阿富汉)遇到印度高僧摄摩滕和竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼的像，诚恳请二位高僧东赴中国弘扬佛法。公元67年，二位高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛像，佛经返回国都洛阳。汉明帝见之非常高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署鸿胪寺暂住。公元68年，明帝下令在洛阳建寺院，为纪念白马驮经之功，取名“白马寺”。
White horse temple in luoyang in henan province 12 km east of the old city, create the monastery yongping eleven years (AD 68), is China's first ancient temple, the world famous kuan ti, is the first temple built after the Buddhism was introduced into China, has the Chinese Buddhism "cradle" and "interpretation of the source," said, it has a history of more than 1900 years. The existing site sites for during the yuan, Ming and qing. Temple save a large amount of yuan dynasty clip Zhu dry paint Buddha statues such as iii, two days will be, and 18 arhats, precious.
In 1961, the white horse temple published by the state council of the People's Republic of China for the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1983, by the state council determine of national temple of Chinese Buddhism. In January 20xx, the white horse temple was named the national tourism administration led by batch AAAA level scenic area.
Yongping seven years (AD 64) of the eastern han dynasty, han emperor liuzhuang (Liu Xiuzhi) night, dream a tall, the head of light gold man from the west, in the court to fly around the house. The next morning, han Ming emperor will tell the dream to ministers, Dr Fu Yi speak said "western god, known as the Buddha, like your dream". Han Ming emperor listen to exultation, sent secretary Cai Yin, Qin Jing, such as more than 10 people to the western regions, worship the promise, the dharma.
Yongping eight years (AD 65), CAI qin, qin people say goodbye to the imperial city, such as on thousands of miles journey to "the west". In big moon people (now the Afghan border to central Asia area), met Indian monk teng, zhu flange, saw the white felt like buddhist scriptures and shakyamuni Buddha, pleaded with two monks in east China's buddhist teaching.
Yongping ten years (AD 67), two Indian monk was invited along with the angel of the eastern han dynasty, with the white horse bearing load buddhist scriptures, the Buddha with returned to luoyang. Han Ming emperor see sutras, the Buddha, very happy, to the two monks is extremely heavy, personally to reception, in charge of foreign affairs at the time and arrange their partners stay "crack hon temple".
Yongping eleven years (AD 68), han Ming emperor decree in luoyang west harmony three mile okimichi north monastery built outside the door. In honor of a white horse, carry the name "the white horse temple". "Temple" the word that comes from "hong crack temple," the "temple", then "temple" the word became a general Chinese temple. Taken the teng and zhu flange in the translation of "medallion 42", as China's first Chinese sutra existing.
After taken "teng and zhu flange, and a number of western monk came to the white horse temple by the translation, in the year 68 after one hundred and fifty years, one hundred and ninety-two, total three hundred and ninety-five rolls of sutras translation out here, white horse temple worthy of the first Chinese translation of the dojo.
Cao Wei Jiaping two years (AD 250), the Indian monk haze ke and came to the white horse temple. The street folk Buddhism also come into the palace. Then caleb haze ke luo in the white horse temple translation out of the first Chinese buddhist precepts "monk only guard". Rest at the same time, the monk haze truths, but also in the white horse temple monk of youth translation out of the specification of the haze karma without virtue ". At this point, the laws and the articles of association of the monk delegations have ready, maintain the practice of a middle is predestined friends the human tonsured paved roads, for the beginning of middle-earth in discipline.
Dew cao wei five years (AD 260), a bar mitzvah held in white horse temple, this is a doomed to imprinted doctrines on events in China. On this day, zhu zixing boarded the precept platform, in accordance with the act of karma to kneel in front of the Buddha, is China's first official of han been bhikshu precepts of the family. Since then, the Confucian "body hair skin, by the parents, afraid to damage" of the ancient tradition was broken.
Buddhism takes root in China, the original in two hundred, the entire process is closely related to the white horse temple. Here is the product of China's first western religion, was among the first to come to China missionary of buddhist monk's residence; Here was born the first Chinese buddhist precepts and Chinese, produced the first Chinese monks of han... Is the white horse temple, in short, China's Buddhism so many "first" closely linked together, which makes it become the cradle of Chinese Buddhism and the interpretation of the source.
今天我要带领大家参观的是洛阳市一处著名的旅游景点——白马寺。白马寺位于今洛阳城东约12公里处，这里北依邙山，南临洛水，宝塔高耸，殿阁峥嵘，长林古木，肃然幽静。在它的东面不远处，蒿榛丛莽的古城垣，依然断断续续逶迤在伊洛平原之上，勾勤出一座昔日大国京都的宏伟轮廓。那就是东汉洛阳城的旧址。
白马寺初创于东汉永平十一年(公元68年)，是佛教传入中国后，由官府正式创建的第一座寺院，是源于南亚次大陆的佛教在辽阔的中华大地赖以繁荣发展的第一座菩提道场，故历来被佛教界称为“释源”和“祖庭”。“释源”即佛教之发源地，“祖庭”即祖师之庭院。它对佛教在中国的传播和发展，对促进中外思想文化交流和发展各国人民的友谊，是起了重要作用的。1961年，国务院公布白马寺为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1983年，国务院又公布白马寺为全国汉传佛教重点寺院。前不久，即20__年6月2日，白马寺又被国家旅游局定为国家4A级旅游景点。
白马寺自东汉创建起，到董卓火烧洛阳时第一次被毁，其后兴衰毁建，到武则天时，由主持薛怀义大兴土木，达到了鼎盛。随后又毁建不断，最近一次大规模重修是1972年为迎接柬埔寨西哈努克亲王，经周总理批示而进行的。
现存白马寺坐北朝南，为一长方形的院落，总面积约6万平方米左右。门前有宽阔的广场。寺内的主要建筑，都分布在由南向北的中轴线上。前后有五座大殿，依次为天王殿、大佛殿、大雄殿、毗卢阁，东西两侧分别有钟、鼓楼，斋堂、客堂，禅堂、祖堂，藏经阁、法宝阁等附属建筑，左右对称，布局规整。山门前的这两匹石马，通高1.8米，身长2.2米，形象温驯，雕工圆润。大家可能会问，这两匹马是否和白马寺的创建历史有关呢?
关于白马寺的创建，最流行的一种说法即“白马驮经”说。据在关佛籍记载，东汉永平七年的一天晚上，汉明帝刘庄(刘秀之子)夜宿南宫，梦见一个身高丈六，头顶放光的金人自西方而来，在殿庭飞绕。第二天早上，汉明帝召集大臣，把这个梦告诉给大臣们，博士傅毅启奏道：臣听说，西方有神，人们称其为佛，就像您梦到的那样。汉明帝听罢，信以为真，于是就派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域拜求佛经、佛法。蔡音等人于公元65年，告别帝都，踏上了“西天取经”的万里征途。在大月氏国(今阿富汗境至中亚一带)，遇到印度高僧摄摩腾、竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼佛白毡像，诚恳邀请二位高僧东赴中国弘法布教。永平十年(公元67年)，二位印度高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛经、佛像同返国都洛阳。汉明帝见到佛经、佛像，十分高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，亲自予以接待，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署鸿胪寺暂住。公元68年，汉明帝敕令在洛阳西雍门外三里御道北兴建僧院。为纪念白马驮经之，因此取名“白马寺”。“寺”字即源于鸿胪寺之“寺”字。再后来“寺”字便成了中国寺院的一种泛称。
说到白马寺，不少游人都会把它和“唐僧取经”的故事联系在一起。其实从时间上看，白马寺要比“唐僧取经”早560多年。
我们眼前的这两匹石马，原是宋代太师太保、右卫将军、驸马都尉魏咸信墓前之物，是两件优秀的宋代石雕作品。1935年前后，主持僧德浩法师重修白马寺时，将它们迁置于山门前。大家看到的这座山门，为牌坊式歇山顶，建于明代。1987年翻修了顶部，木质匾额上的“白马寺”三字，是中国佛教协会原会长赵朴初先生题写的。三个门洞，象征着佛教所说的“三解脱门”佛教称之为涅磐之门。三个门洞都是用砖和青石券砌而成的，部分券石上刻有工匠的姓氏名字，从字体上看此种券石应是东汉遗物，是白马寺内现存最早的文物。
白马寺山门内西侧，有一巨大的半截残碑，残高约1.7米，宽1.4米，相传此碑为宋代翰林学士、著名文人苏易简撰，因其碑文不是由上到下一长行通写到底，而是用短行分成几排写出来，别具格式，故称“断文碑”，为白马寺六景之一。
山门东侧，为元代所遗存的《洛京白马寺祖庭记》碑，通高3.5米，宽1.15米，碑额“洛京白马寺祖庭记”八字为篆书。此碑立于元代至顺四年(公元1333年)，由元代华严名僧仲华文才撰文，内有“上梦金人，自西飞至，身光炜，以迟旦告所梦于臣下”，“遣遵偕郎中蔡音、秦景等十八人，西访至天竺，遇沙门迦摄摩腾、竺法兰”等句子，碑文称白马寺为“祖庭”和“释源”，并说“释源居中天，权舆佛法之地”，实为“腾、兰二神僧开教之绪”。仲华文才后来到了佛教“四大名山”之一的五台山，成为五台山名刹佑国寺的开山第一代主持。这篇碑文，应是他卓锡白马寺时所撰。碑文楷书，字体潇洒工整，丰神秀骨，实为不可多得的书法艺术珍品。因此碑不曾留下书丹者姓名，碑文究竟出自谁手，遂成一桩悬案。但字体为“赵体”。
前面这座东西对称的建筑，东侧为新建的钟楼，钟楼前有民国时期所建的五间“门头堂”;西侧为新建的鼓楼，鼓楼前有民国时所建的“云水堂”。“门头堂”、“云水堂”现已辟为佛教法物流通处和旅游接中心。
在钟楼以东、鼓楼以西，靠近东西两侧围墙，分别为摄摩腾、竺法兰二位印度高僧之墓。二位高僧曾长期禅居白马寺内译经传教，在这里他们共同译出了中国最早的汉文佛经《四十二章经》。他们先后圆寂于白马寺，就葬于寺内，现墓前有明代崇祯七年(1634年)所立墓碑，“腾兰墓”也为白马寺六景之一。
现在我们看到的这座大殿称为天王殿，是白马寺内第一重大殿。此殿因殿内供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚弥勒佛，他笑容满面，和蔼可亲，右手持念珠，左手握布带，形象生动有趣，为明代造像作品。在中国汉族的佛寺中，第一座大殿通常都供奉弥勒佛。人们进入佛寺中，首先看到这一乐呵呵的形象，会对佛门产生一种亲切之感。
佛像上面的这一座大佛龛，共雕有五十多条姿态各异的龙，雕工细腻，是清代上乘的木雕艺术品。
大殿内两侧，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金刚”，分别是东方持国天王，手持琵芭;南方增长天王，右手持伞，左手握妖;西方广目天王，一手握龙，一手持宝珠;北方多闻天王，手托宝塔。按照中国个习惯，一他们手中所持法器不同，他们分别代表着“风”“调”“雨”“顺”，四大天王身材魁梧，威风凛凛，是一组清代泥塑作品。
这尊面北站像为韦驼天将，被称做“护法神”，着武将装，立于弥勒像后，正对释迦牟尼佛，执行着维护讲经道场，不许邪魔侵扰的任务，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的东西两侧，种植着许多石榴树。人们说“五月石榴红似火”，但在白马寺却恰恰相反，因为这里的石榴颜色是白色的。每至农历四五月份，树上开满了石榴花，晶莹洁白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白马寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前东侧，立有明代嘉靖三十五年(1556年)黄锦撰文的《重修古刹白马禅寺记》碑。高3.8米，宽1.03米，这方石碑对研究白马寺的历史沿革有重要的参考价值。
大佛殿是寺内主要殿堂，重大的佛事活动，均在这里举行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，虽经后世重修，单仍不失明代建筑风格。
殿内正中佛坛之上供奉着七尊造像，正中释迦牟尼佛，结跏趺坐于须弥座上，像高2.4米。
这里的塑像，据说是他最后一次讲经说法时的形象，此次讲经，他并不讲话，叫做“不语说法”，只用右手持一朵鲜花，让众人猜测，即所谓“涅磐会上”“捻花示众”。大佛胸口字符号，表示大佛“福德无量”，“万德圆融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武则天定此符号读音为“万”。
释迦牟尼的左侧，为大弟子摩诃珈叶，在这次“不语说法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，从而破颜微笑，后来被推为释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中国禅宗推崇他为印度传承的第一代祖师。
右侧站像为大弟子阿难，他博闻强记，被称为“多闻第一”，中国禅宗又推他为在印度传承佛法的第二代祖师。
珈叶左侧为文殊菩萨，右持经书，《般若经》，以知识渊博，聪明智慧著称;阿难右侧为普贤菩萨，手持如意钩，德行圆满，功过无边，以“行愿”著称。
释迦牟尼佛与文殊，普贤菩萨，合称为“释迦三圣”，这是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。东西侍立的是两尊供养天人，手持鲜花，体态娇娜，也称“散花天女”。在大佛讲经时，供养天人在高高的天上，纷纷散花，“天花乱坠”一词由此而来。
Ancient capital of luoyang, is a one thousand. The famous historic sites is obviously, like, white horse temple, longmen grottoes, tianjin bridge and so on and so on, a lot. My favorite is the white horse temple.
When I was seven or eight years old, has ever been to the white horse temple once more. I was the first ancient China after two thousand years of wind and rain.
The monastery was founded in AD 68. Published in 1961 by the state council for the national first batch of one of the key cultural relics protection units. White horse temple, the temple there are great, big Buddha hall, male, such as house, a lot of magnificent buildings. And white horse temple is the birthplace of Chinese Buddhism, also known as the "cradle" and "interpretation of the source".
It is said that: one night in the year 67, the han emperor liuzhuang had a dream, dream of a fairy, surrounded by golden body is light, the light come from a far country, landing in front of the royal house. Han Ming emperor was very happy. In court the next morning, he told officials, their own dreams and ask where is sacred. Seeks Fu Yi well-read, he told han Ming emperor: "I heard that western tianzhu (India), and a word of god, as Buddha, can fly in the fantasy, the whole body radiates with light, the emperor you dreamed about Buddha!" And the king of han Ming emperor sent messengers Qin Jing, according to 13 people go to the western regions, such as promise. Three years later, they are the same as the two Indian monks and Ye Ma teng and zhu flange back to luoyang, back to a number of books and Buddha, and start to translate the part of buddhist scriptures, "medallion 42" is one of them. The emperor ordered built China's first buddhist temple in the capital of luoyang, to house the sainted Indian monk, they bring valuable storage by things such as, the temple of luoyang white horse temple today.
White horse temple is not only the first in the history of Chinese ancient temples, or a have a lot of vivid figure of Buddha and grand buildings.
I took a tour of the white horse temple, saw many vivid figure of Buddha. Not only has a vivid interesting "happy Buddha maitreya," there are four jovian pop. Formed a great contrast. There is also a scenery left a deep impression on me. That is JiYun tower. The stupa, though not very grand, but have radian tower, give a person the sense with small and exquisite,.
White horse temple, over one thousand years of wind and rain is a monastery, is the pride of our luoyang people heart!
White horse temple is located in the henan luoyang city east, 10 kilometers in the south-north luoyang city harmony door 1.5 kilometers to the west, called Jin Gangya temple, the so-called "China's first ancient temple", is the Buddhism was introduced into China after the first official temple. It was built in the eastern han dynasty emperor yongping eleven years (AD 68), it has a history of nearly 20xx years.
White horse temple original structure size is extremely magnificent, past dynasties and rebuilt several times, but because of the war, rise and fall several times, ancient architectural structures, the people's government to preserve the famous cultural monuments, had repeatedly repair. Existing five major temple and four compound and wing. Prior to the gate, the gate is three arch side by side. Mountain gate, a pair of stone lions and a pair of stone horse, schism, inside the gate on both sides of things have taken the second monk's tomb and zhu flange. Five major temple from south to north in turn as the great, big Buddha hall, male temple, temple and which the Lu Dian. Each hall has statues, many works for the yuan, Ming and qing period. Which the Lu Dian on the cool and refreshing, cool and refreshing for taken the teng, zhu flange translation of buddhist scriptures. Wing left and right sides is symmetrical. The whole building grand solemn, layout in neat formation. In addition, there are 40 many inscriptions, is valuable to study the history of the temple.
White horse temple sits, existing is a rectangular courtyard, covers an area of about 40000 square meters. Temple gate, square south have in recent years, newly built stone memorial arch, free life pond, stone bridge, the left and right sides of the green space. About relative two stone horse horse, size, and so the horse, gentle and harmless, this is two song dynasty stone carving horse, horse is excellent stone carving art. The white horse temple gate for the reconstruction of Ming dynasty, for a three arches, side by side on behalf of the three free door, Buddhism is called nie pan gate. Part name, certificate face carved over the doorway craftsmen are relics of the eastern han dynasty. Temple five layers existing hall, located on a straight axis, partial temple on both sides are symmetrical to each other. In the great hall, in the middle of woodcarving niches, niche stick around and more than 50 of golden dragon. Within the recess for the maitreya, namely "happy Buddha". He laughs, barefoot sit cross legged, vivid and interesting, was in stitches. Inside two side, four major Kings sitting majestically, is the patron saint of buddhist. Smiling Buddha (after the wei tuo days, Buddhism guardian deity, towering stands, shows the majesty of the dharma).
White horse temple east gate walk about 300 meters, there is a 13 layer JiYun tower, straight into the sky. JiYun tower was built in the five dynasties period, originally, when the invasion of nomads from song dynasty burned. Rulers of great years to rebuild the tower, has been 800 years of history.
White horse temple building grand scale, the present layout of jiajing rebuild, only great, big Buddha hall, male temple, temple four halls. The gate on both sides of things of gad Ye Ma and zhu flange second monk's tomb. Backyard, in which the Lu Ge broken stone, engraved with the history of the white horse temple is an important historic sites, temple preaching tang by building (read bed), yuan inscriptions have high artistic value. Temple originally also unearthed jade carved maitreya Buddha, has been stolen to the United States. The inside of the temple of Buddha is mostly yuan substitute dry lacquer, especially the Buddha Ursa major, is the best of the luoyang existing statue. According to records, The Three Kingdoms wei is the white horse temple have big pomegranate, jingshi legend: "charming sweet pomegranate, a stone." Temple east there is a big jin at fifteen years (1175) to build JiYun tower.