Located in the south of Jiankang road in Nanjing City, it mainly refers tothe Confucius Temple, Xuegong and Gongyuan, but the streets around these threebuildings are traditionally called Confucius Temple. In the area of about 0.5square kilometers from pingjiangfu road in the east to Zhanyuan road in thewest, there are more than 300 shopping malls and shops, 2 cinemas and manyhotels and amusement parks, etc., and there is an underground commercial streetof about 10000 square meters underground. It can be said that Confucius Templeis a multi-functional service center integrating tourism, culture, commerce,catering and entertainment. More than 150000 people attended the festival,especially during the Jinling Lantern Festival. In 337, the Prime Minister WangDao built a school Palace on the North Bank of the Qinhuai River, which is theearliest building of Confucius Temple.
In 1032, Emperor Renzong built Confucius Temple and Confucius Temple infront of the Academy. Later, it was destroyed several times and rebuilt severaltimes due to war. The present building was rebuilt in 1984. It reproduces thestyle and landscape of Jiangnan market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ConfuciusTemple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, covering an area of26300 square meters. Zhaobi is located on the South Bank of Qinhuai River. It is10 meters high and 110 meters long. The top of the wall is covered with smallcylinder green tiles and the four corners are slightly tilted. Its length is thelongest in China.
There is a crescent shaped panchi on the north bank and a row of carvedstone railings built in the Ming Dynasty on the bank. On the east side of thestone fence is kuiken pavilion with three floors and six flying angles; on thenorth side is Wenshu square with four pillars and three gates, with four goldcharacters "Tianxia Wenshu" engraved in the middle; on the west side is Juxingpavilion with double eaves and carved ridge flying angles, and in front ofDacheng gate is Lingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The buildingshere all have the word "Star", which means that the stars of the world aregathered here. Dachengmen is an ancient building with a beam and a bucket. Ithas a Dragon Ridge and three doors standing side by side. Each door has 45 studsand a faucet ring. On the left and right sides of the gate stand four stonetablets of the Southern Qi, yuan and Song Dynasties, and on both sides of theinner courtyard are corridors connecting the Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is themain building of Confucius Temple. It is 16.2 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and20.9 meters deep. It has seven Ying double eaves, four slopes and five ridges.The standing carving of dragon and pearl on the main ridge is the first inChina. With 56 huge stones in the hall, it is majestic and spectacular. In frontof the hall, the bronze statue of Confucius in Danlong, 4.18 meters high, is thehighest in China. Outside the walls on both sides of the East and West are theEast and West markets carefully planned and designed according to the style ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly dealing in antique jade, four treasures ofthe study, famous calligraphy and paintings and tourist souvenirs. Located atthe back of Dacheng hall, the academy is composed of Mingde hall, ZunjingPavilion, Chongsheng temple, Qingyun tower and other buildings. It is thehighest Academy in ancient state capital. Mingde hall is the main hall of theAcademy, which is now a playground.
From Wenshufang to the East, you can see a square three story woodenstructure building with a bucket arch and cornice Mingyuan building. It is thecentral building of the former Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is the place to monitorexaminees and issue orders during examinations. On both sides of the courtyardbehind the building are the imperial examination houses of the Ming and QingDynasties. The house is about 1.5 meters long and wide. There are only twoboards on the top and the bottom, with tables on the top and benches on thebottom. The examinees eat, drink and sleep in this narrow space for a few days.All the food they bring in should be checked, and even the steamed bread shouldbe cut to prevent cheating. In its heyday, Jiangnan Gongyuan covered an area ofmore than 70000 square meters, with 20644 houses, the largest scale of Gongyuanin China. Mingyuanlou is now known as "Jiangnan Gongyuan site", which is aprovincial cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Temple in history usedto be an abnormal bustling city, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenit opened in autumn, tens of thousands of candidates (up to 20000 people)gathered here, so bookstores, teahouses and inns came into being, andrestaurants and brothels also proliferated. At that time, some streets andalleys on the South Bank of the Qinhuai River were the "gentle townships" and"gold selling caves" for the children of rich families. There were also manyfamous prostitutes, such as Li Xiangjun and Dong Xiaowan, known as "Qinhuaieight beauties". Today, Meixiang building is rebuilt at 38 chaoku street, whichis open to visitors as Li Xiangjun's former residence.
Wu Jingzi, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, once lived on the Bank ofQinhuai River. After 19 years, he wrote a famous book "scholars' history" whichcriticized the imperial examination system. On the site of his former residence,Qinhuai Water Pavilion, a building of the style of river hall and river house inMing and Qing Dynasties has been built, which is called "Qinhuai family" hotel.There are folk activities such as antique wedding and so on. At present, morethan 100 kinds of traditional snacks have been discovered. With foreign fastfood such as KFC and McDonald's, visitors can enjoy them. Jinling LanternFestival is even more famous. It's called the Lantern Festival on the 12th andthe Lantern Festival on the 18th of the first month of the lunar calendar. Infact, since the beginning of the new year, people have been buying, selling andwatching lanterns. There are dozens of colorful lanterns, which make peopledazzled and confused.
南京夫子庙，常简称夫子庙，是一座位于南京市秦淮河北岸贡院街的孔庙。“夫子”是孔子弟子对孔子的尊称。目前以夫子庙为中心、庙市街景合一的秦淮风光景区是集文化、旅游、购物、服务等功能于一体的文化活动中心。附近有夫子庙小学。
夫子庙景区的古建筑群由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院等组成，六朝至明清时，世家大族多聚于夫子庙一带，素有“六朝金粉地”之称，为江南文化枢纽之地，是秦淮风光的核心地带。夫子庙街市是中国著名的传统古街市。每年的春节至元宵节期间在夫子庙举行的金陵灯会是南京春节最重要的活动之一。
夫子庙始建于宋景祐元年(1034年)，由东晋学宫旧址扩建而成，称文宣王庙。南宋建炎时为兵火所毁，绍兴年间重建，为建康府学，同时建科举考场江南贡院;元朝为集庆路学，明初为国子监，后为应天府学;清朝成为江宁、上元两县县学，同治八年(1869年)重建之后，于1937年遭侵华日军焚烧而严重损毁。
1984年，市、区人民政府为保护古都文化遗产，经有关专家科学论证和规划，几度拨专款，历数年的精心维修和复建。如今的夫子庙已焕然一新，再展辉煌。被誉为秦淮名胜而成为古城南京的特色景观区，也是蜚声中外的旅游胜地。1991年被国家评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。
夫子庙前以秦淮河为泮池，北岸由整石雕琢成的石栏建于明正德九年(1520xx年)，是南京夫子庙保留最完好的古代建筑;南岸石砖墙为照壁，建于明万历三年(1575年)，长110米，高10米;北岸庙前有聚星亭、思乐亭;中轴线上有棂星门、大成门、大成殿、明德堂、尊经阁;庙东有魁星阁。
各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句：“惜河中缺游船。”皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。难怪南京有“家家走桥，人人看灯”的民谚。
我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称“泮池”。泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。
再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议：“治国以培育人才为重”，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。
现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。广场正中的这座牌坊，叫“天下文枢坊”。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的。极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
南京夫子庙，常简称夫子庙，是一座位于南京市秦淮河北岸贡院街的孔庙。“夫子”是孔子弟子对孔子的尊称。目前以夫子庙为中心、庙市街景合一的秦淮风光景区是集文化、旅游、购物、服务等功能于一体的文化活动中心。附近有夫子庙小学。
夫子庙景区的古建筑群由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院等组成，六朝至明清时，世家大族多聚于夫子庙一带，素有“六朝金粉地”之称，为江南文化枢纽之地，是秦淮风光的核心地带。夫子庙街市是中国著名的传统古街市。每年的春节至元宵节期间在夫子庙举行的金陵灯会是南京春节最重要的活动之一。
夫子庙始建于宋景佑元年(1034年)，由东晋学宫旧址扩建而成，称文宣王庙。南宋建炎时为兵火所毁，绍兴年间重建，为建康府学，同时建科举考场江南贡院;元朝为集庆路学，明初为国子监，后为应天府学;清朝成为江宁、上元两县县学，同治八年(1869年)重建之后，于1937年遭侵华日军焚烧而严重损毁。
1984年，市、区人民政府为保护古都文化遗产，经有关专家科学论证和规划，几度拨专款，历数年的精心维修和复建。如今的夫子庙已焕然一新，再展辉煌。被誉为秦淮名胜而成为古城南京的特色景观区，也是蜚声中外的旅游胜地。1991年被国家评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。
夫子庙前以秦淮河为泮池，北岸由整石雕琢成的石栏建于明正德九年(1520xx年)，是南京夫子庙保留最完好的古代建筑;南岸石砖墙为照壁，建于明万历三年(1575年)，长110米，高10米;北岸庙前有聚星亭、思乐亭;中轴线上有棂星门、大成门、大成殿、明德堂、尊经阁;庙东有魁星阁。
南京夫子庙即孔庙，始建于宋景祐元年(公元1034年)，由东晋学宫扩建而成，位于秦淮河北岸的贡院街旁。夫子庙建筑群主要由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院荟萃而成，是秦淮风光的精华。
孔庙富有明清色彩。它以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山南南京《夫子庙》北成一条中轴线，左右建筑对称配列，占地广约26300平方米。四周围以高墙，配以门坊、角楼。
中心庙院：院内植有银杏八棵，古灯对称有致，中间一条笔直的石砌甬道通向大成殿前的丹墀，此丹墀是祭孔时举行乐舞的地方，正中竖立一尊青铜孔子塑像，高4.18米、重2500公斤，是全国最大的孔子青铜像。
大成殿：夫子庙的主殿，高16.22米，阔28.1米，深21.7米。殿内正中悬挂一幅全国最大的孔子画像，高6.50米、宽3.15米。殿内陈设仿制2520xx年前的编钟、编磬等十五种古代祭孔乐器，定期进行古曲、雅乐演奏，演出反映明人祭孔礼仪的大型明代祭孔乐舞，使观众听到春秋时代的“钟鼓之乐”、“琴瑟之声”，展现二千多年前另古乐风貌。大殿四周是孔子业绩图壁画，形神并具。
文化艺术展：中心庙院碑廊里陈列着被誉为“中华一绝”的雨花石展览。大成殿内也经常筹办其他历史文物和艺术品展，宣传中华民族的悠久文化。
从大成殿后门走出，即进入学宫参观区。学宫是科举时代本省学子读书的最高学府，为使士子接受教化，渐知遵循先圣先贤之道，所以学宫总是和孔庙建在一起。作为江苏古代文教中心的学宫位于大成殿后，以明德堂、尊经阁为主体，“东南第一学”门匾由清末状元秦大士题写。
夫子庙导游词位于南京市健康路以南，主要指的是孔庙、学宫、贡院三大建筑群，但习惯上将围绕这三大建筑群一带的街道都称做夫子庙。在东自平江府路
，西至瞻园路的约0.5平方公里的范围内有商场商店300多家、影剧院2家及诸多宾馆及游乐场等，地下还有一个约10000平方米的
地下商业街。可以说夫子庙是一个集旅游、文化、商业、餐饮、娱乐等多功能的服务中心。节假日的人流量达15万人次以上，逢金陵灯会期间
更是盛况空前。东晋咸康三年，(337年)丞相王导在秦淮河北岸建学宫，这是夫子庙的最早建筑。宋明道元年(1032年)宋仁宗在学宫
前建孔庙，弥夫子庙。后因战乱几次被毁，几次重建。现在的建筑为1984年重新规划修建起来的。它重现了明清时代江南街市的风貌景观
，一派古色古香。孔庙是祭祀孔子的地方，占地2.63万平方米。照壁在秦淮河南岸，高10米、长110米，壁顶覆小圆筒青瓦，四角略
翘，其长度为我国照壁之最。河北岸有弯月形泮池，岸上还有一排明代建成的雕镂石栏。石栏东边是三层六面飞角的奎垦阁;北面是四柱三门
的文枢坊，中间上刻“天下文枢”四个金字;西面是重檐雕脊飞角的聚星亭，大成门前是六柱三门石砌的棂星门。此处建筑皆带“星”字，意指
天下文曲星集于此地。大成门为古代抬梁穿斗式建筑，翘角龙脊，三门并立，每扇门上有45枚门钉及龙头衔环。门内左右两侧立南齐、元、宋
时期的石碑四块，内院两侧有廊连接大成殿。大成殿是孔庙的主体建筑，高16.2米、宽27.3米、深20.9米，七楹重檐，四坡
五脊，主脊上的双龙戏珠立雕为国内首创，加上全殿的56根巨型石往，巍峨壮观。殿前丹墀正中立孔子铜像，高4.18米，为全国之冠。
东西两侧围墙外是按明清风格精心规划设计的东西市场，以经营古玩玉器、文房四宝、名家字画及旅游纪念品为主。学宫位于大成殿后，由明
德堂、尊经阁、崇圣祠、青云楼等一组建筑组成，是古代州府的最高学府，明德堂是学宫的正堂，现辟为游乐场。由文枢坊向东左拐即可见到
一座斗拱飞檐的正方型三层木结构建筑——明远楼。它是原江南贡院的中心建筑，是考试期间监视考生和发布命令的地方。楼后院落两侧是仿明
清时科举考试的号舍，号舍长宽约1.5米，仅有上、下两块木板，上为桌、下为凳。考试几天考生吃喝睡全在这狭小的空间内，带进去的食
物全要检查，连馒头也要切开看，以防夹带作弊。最盛时期，江南贡院占地7万多平方米，号舍20644间，规模为全国贡院之首。明远楼现
称“江南贡院遗址”，为省级文物保护单位。历史上的夫子庙曾经是一个畸型的繁华闹市，特别是明清时期，每逢开科秋闱，上万名(最多达
2万多人)考生云集于此，于是书肆、茶馆、客栈应运而生，酒楼妓院也就滋生蔓延。当年秦淮河南岸的一些街巷即为富家子弟的“温柔乡”
、“销金窟”。还出过不少名妓，如李香君、董小宛等被称为“秦淮八艳”。今在钞库街38号重建了媚香楼，做为李香君故居对游人开放。
清代著名作家吴敬梓曾居住于秦淮河畔，历经20xx年，在此写出了抨击科举制度的名著《儒林外史》。在他的故居——秦淮水亭的遗址上如今
建起了明清河厅河房式样的建筑，为“秦淮人家”宾馆。内设拾风堂，举行仿古婚礼等民俗活动。游览夫子庙还可以顺便品尝秦淮风味小吃，目
前已挖掘出传统小吃品种100多个，加上洋快餐肯德基、麦当劳，足可让游人大快朵颐。金陵灯会更是远近闻名，名为农历正月十二上灯
，十八落灯，其实从年初一开始，买灯、卖灯和观灯者即人如潮涌，各色彩灯达数十种，使人眼花缀乱，目不暇接。
南京夫子庙，常简称夫子庙，是一座位于南京市秦淮河北岸贡院街的孔庙。“夫子”是孔子弟子对孔子的尊称。目前以夫子庙为中心、庙市街景合一的秦淮风光景区是集文化、旅游、购物、服务等功能于一体的文化活动中心。附近有夫子庙小学。
夫子庙景区的古建筑群由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院等组成，六朝至明清时，世家大族多聚于夫子庙一带，素有“六朝金粉地”之称，为江南文化枢纽之地，是秦淮风光的核心地带。夫子庙街市是中国著名的传统古街市。每年的春节至元宵节期间在夫子庙举行的金陵灯会是南京春节最重要的活动之一。
夫子庙始建于宋景佑元年(1034年)，由东晋学宫旧址扩建而成，称文宣王庙。南宋建炎时为兵火所毁，绍兴年间重建，为建康府学，同时建科举考场江南贡院;元朝为集庆路学，明初为国子监，后为应天府学;清朝成为江宁、上元两县县学，同治八年(1869年)重建之后，于1937年遭侵华日军焚烧而严重损毁。
1984年，市、区人民政府为保护古都文化遗产，经有关专家科学论证和规划，几度拨专款，历数年的精心维修和复建。如今的夫子庙已焕然一新，再展辉煌。被誉为秦淮名胜而成为古城南京的特色景观区，也是蜚声中外的旅游胜地。1991年被国家评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。
夫子庙前以秦淮河为泮池，北岸由整石雕琢成的石栏建于明正德九年(1520_年)，是南京夫子庙保留最完好的古代建筑;南岸石砖墙为照壁，建于明万历三年(1575年)，长110米，高10米;北岸庙前有聚星亭、思乐亭;中轴线上有棂星门、大成门、大成殿、明德堂、尊经阁;庙东有魁星阁。
江苏的夫子庙导游词3
各位游客，我们现在就来到了夫子庙。“六朝金粉地，十里秦淮河”，指的就是南京城南夫子庙地区的秦淮河风光带，自六朝起，这里就是居民商业集中地，为古都繁华地带。
我们现在站的地方是文德桥，这里有著名奇观“文德半月”，秦淮河水从我们脚下缓缓渡过，“十里秦淮”就是指东水关至西水关的水道。
夫子庙又称孔庙、文庙。它是祭祀我国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的地方。因为孔子在古代被人尊称为孔夫子，所以孔庙被称为“夫子庙”。它集旅游、休闲、文化、商业为一体，展现了六朝古都的风貌。
整个夫子庙建筑以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山，都是在一条南北中枢线上成方位对称的格局，具有典型的中国传统建筑风格。
文德桥之所以有半边月的奇景，是因为它与子午线的方向是一致的。大家向东看，有一堵红墙，经建于明代万历年间，是全国最大的照壁，长110米，照壁起着遮蔽和装饰作用。
这是盼池，当时文人洗墨之处，也是失火取水之处。
池的东边是魁星阁，魁在古代是保佑文人高中的星宿，有“魁星点斗，独占鳌头”之说。池的西边是聚星亭，是天下群星聚集的地方，盼池的北边是一个牌坊，这就是“天下文枢”坊，四个字意指天下文化聚集的中心。
游客们，我们穿过六柱三门的棂星门，就来到了大成门，在左右各有两块石碑，这就是“孔子问礼图碑”，上面刻有孔子从山东到南京向老子虚心请教的情景，蹬上露台，我们可以看到一尊孔子青铜雕像，高4.18米，这是我国最高的孔子铜像。在铜像之后就是孔庙的主体建筑大成殿，现在我们就到殿内看一看。
首先，我们看到的是一幅孔子巨幅画像，它高6.5米，宽3.15米，是我国最大的孔子画像，画像前是孔子四位门生的汉白玉雕像。
殿内有38幅由翡翠、玛瑙、黄金、鸡血石为材料制作的“孔子圣迹图”，它描述了孔子一生的生平事迹。
穿过大成殿来到学宫，这里是当年秀才学习的地方，学宫的主体建筑是“明德堂”是南宋民族英雄文天袢所题，德指“忠信，忠于国家，取信于民”。
明德堂前有一钟亭，内有礼运钟，还有一鼓亭，内有圣音鼓，是为纪念孔子2550周年所建，在明德堂后面还有尊经阁、崇圣祠、青云楼等。
大成殿外东西两侧是东西市，是当时进行商品买卖的地方，它充分展现了明末清初街市风貌，所以夫子庙特色还在于庙市合一。
夫子庙是供奉和祭祀我国古代著名的大思想家、教育家孔子的庙宇。它作为古城南京秦淮名胜蜚声中外，是国内外游人向往的游览胜地。南京夫子庙即孔庙，原来是供奉和祭祀孔子的地方。夫子庙始建于宋，南京夫子庙位于秦淮河北岸的贡院街旁。夫子庙以庙前的秦淮河为泮池，南岸的石砖墙为照壁，全长110米，高20米，是全国照壁之最。人们通常所说的夫子庙，实际包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院主大建筑群，是中国四大文庙之一。
夫子庙的建筑富有明清色彩。它以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山南北成一条中轴线，左右建筑对称配列，占地广约26300平方米。四周围以高墙，配以门坊、角楼。
这里既是历史文物建筑，又是反映南京风土人情、弘扬民族文化的博物馆。自1984年复建以来接待游客60多万人。在这里，春有金陵灯会;夏有民俗文化庙会和“秦淮之夏”纳凉晚会;秋有美食节、文化节、祭孔活动和菊展。
夫子庙地区是南京小吃的发源地，早在六朝时期，就成了全市的小吃中心。明清及至民国政府时期，随着秦淮灯船的兴起而更加繁华，小小的夫子庙地区，大大小小有20家小吃店，成了南京小吃集大成之地。名店有奎光阁、新奇芳阁、蒋有记、雪园、永和园、六凤居、五凤居、德顺居、龙门居等。还有一家风味独特的月来阁，是泊在秦淮河上的一条画舫。
雪园、永和园的小笼包子，皮薄、馅大、卤多，每只折纹20多道，蟹黄包子更加鲜美。新奇芳阁供应的菜包、酥油烧饼、甜豆沙包、鸡面、干丝、春卷，风味独特。抗战胜利后，蒋有记、六凤居和小巴黎，合称为夫子庙三家。蒋有记以善制牛肉锅贴名噪金陵;六凤居以豆腐脑、葱油饼著称;小巴黎以女侍招客，颇有洋风。
从1987年12月起，在全市每年举办一次美食月，后发展为一年举办两次食品节。这种食品节，有组织，有计划，力量集中，声势浩大，美食成批，风味独特，吸引了众多的食客。食品节期间，实行开放式经营，邀请北京、天津、南京、成都、昆山、无锡、扬州、镇江等地的名师，来夫子庙献艺。夫子庙风味小吃深受海内外游客喜爱，有19个品种获得了省级和部级奖励或荣誉称号。游览夫子庙、品尝夫子庙小吃后欣然题词“十里秦淮，千年流淌，六朝胜地，今更辉煌。”
各位游客。
在昨天的游程中，我为大家安排游览了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺，总统府旧址等名胜古迹。
今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。
秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。
它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
【秦淮河的由来和历史变迁】
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。
相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。
秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名“秦淮河”。
但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。
历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。
自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外“秦淮”。
内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。
河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。
唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。
古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。
早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。
迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。
六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。
东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作“栅塘”，既可御敌，又可防洪。
从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。
据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。
那时南京的大多集中在秦淮河两岸。
清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。
美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。
然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。
它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把“秦淮”当作南京的代名词。
【秦淮画舫—伴池—夫子庙照壁—庙前广场—棂星门】
各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。
每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。
这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。
当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句：“惜河中缺游船。
”皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。
从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。
尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。
难怪南京有“家家走桥，人人看灯”的民谚。
我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。
古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称“泮池”夫子庙导游词夫子庙导游词。
泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。
相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。
再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。
照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。
各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议：“治国以培育人才为重”，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。
原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。
所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。
夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。
现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。
请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。
这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。
现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。
左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。
建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。
这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。
广场正中的这座牌坊，叫“天下文枢坊”。
请大家继续随我往前走。
这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。
据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。
门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。
不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的夫子庙。
极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
【大成门—大成殿—学宫】
各位游客：走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。
门内侧有石碑四块。
第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。
记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。
碑的上半部有“孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题”的题字。
图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有“永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流”的字样。
这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。
第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。
第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。
第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。
庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。
现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。
在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。
古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。
祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。
主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及“四配”(孔子高徒)、“十二哲”(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。
现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿——大成殿。
这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。
这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。
“大成”意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。
大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。
现在的大成殿已被辟为“南京乡土文化博物馆”。
请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。
门楣上方原来有“学宫”匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有“东南第一学”。
牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。
这四斋名称分别是“志道”、“据德”、“依仁”、“游艺”。
后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。
明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。
东墙有“卧碑”，就是训教的法规。
左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。
我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。
东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。
清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆夫子庙导游词导游。
这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。
各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群——贡院。
【贡院街—贡院—明远楼】
现在我们所站的地方便是贡院街，那条与贡院街相交的南北向街道就是贡院西街，贡院街北面就是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。
贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是县府考试场所。
明太祖朱元津定都南京后，这里成了乡试、会试场所。
明永一乐十九年(1421年)迁都北京，但南京仍作为陪都，加上江南又是人文基本之地，考试仍在这里按期举行。
明成祖继续派人建造江南贡院，明清两代对贡院不断扩建，到清光绪时，贡院规模之大，已成为当时23个行省的贡院之最。
对此，我只要告诉大家一个数字，你就可想而知了——到清代同治年间，已建供考试用的“号舍”有20644间，且还不包括司考官员、职司人员的办公住宿用房。
可惜现存贡院建筑已屈指可数，明远楼就是保存下来的贡院建筑之一，而其他大部分已被辟为市场。
现在，我们所见的这座三层建筑，就是明远楼了。
楼呈四方形，四面设窗，地处贡院中心，在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。
“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归原”，封建王朝教育士子以“孝梯忠义”为立身之本。
考生考完后，“金榜”就张贴在前面的贡院街
清末废除科举后，贡院也随之失去了原来的作用。
1919年除留下明远楼和一部分号舍建筑用以陈列历史文物外，其余一并拆除，辟为市场。
明远楼下的《金陵贡院遗迹碑》详细地记载了这一史实。
各位游客：关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。
如果大家有兴趣的话，可以去逛一下夫子庙的东市、西市，同时也可选购一些喜爱的工艺品和旅游纪念品，还可以去西街一带品尝夫子庙的风味小吃，夫子庙可谓是全国闻名的小吃荟萃之地。
“朱雀桥边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜……”这是我小时候对夫子庙的第一认识。
不看不知道，一看吓一跳。如果你是一名旅游爱好者，曾经来过南京，但是没有去过夫子庙，那真是等于白来了!
夫子庙是南京的着名景点，历史悠久。夫子庙靠着秦淮河，秦淮河是南京的母亲河，就像中国的长江与黄河一样。秦淮河上碧波荡漾，波光粼粼，水里不时跃出来可爱的小鱼，坐在夫子庙的画舫上看风景，别有一番滋味。
看夫子庙，一定要在晚上来。这时夫子庙灯火通明，霓虹灯五光十色，把城市的上空找的宛如发生了极光一般，十分华丽，此时此刻，人们也不顾着夜晚的疲惫，都来夫子庙闲逛。饿了?哈哈，没问题!FOLLOE ME!鸭血粉丝汤，鸡汁汤包，羊肉串，不够再去KFC!麦当劳也有!还有南京的臭豆腐等经典小吃……对了!还有盐水鸭!盐水鸭可是南京的特产!欢迎品尝!盐水鸭的其中一种叫桂花鸭，在盐水鸭的层次上精益求精，含着桂花的清香。夫子庙当人不是“二号狮子桥”光是吃，也有许多时尚的商铺任你逛。当然，你的眼球也是不会闲着的，夫子庙是很久以前的一个古建筑，蕴含着老南京风味，那墙壁上的精雕细刻，屋顶的绚丽国花纹，美不胜收。还有，那夜晚的秦淮河也更是美丽，那清澈的水面倒映着繁星点点的夜空，绿树，建筑，还有那五颜六色的灯光，把秦淮河照的五彩缤纷。
到了元宵节，夫子庙更是人山人海，大街小巷里都有卖花灯的小店，有可爱的兔子灯，古老的走马灯、孔明灯。除了花灯，在元宵节那几天里，夫子庙里还有许多的元宵店。元宵有大有小，大的里面有芝麻，小的泡糖水，都十分好吃。
我们相信，不仅视夫子庙，更是南京，这个历史悠久的城市，未来会更加美好!
今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
秦淮河的由来和历史变迁
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。
秦淮画舫-伴池-夫子庙照壁-庙前广场-棂星门
各位游客：
现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句："惜河中缺游船。"皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓"秦淮灯火甲天下"。难怪南京有"家家走桥，人人看灯"的民谚。我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议："治国以培育人才为重"，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字"文武大臣至此下马"，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作"四旧"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。广场正中的这座牌坊，叫"天下文枢坊"。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的。极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
大成门-大成殿-学宫
各位游客：
走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有"孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题"的题字。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有"永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流"的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿--大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为"南京乡土文化博物馆"。请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有"学宫"匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有"东南第一学"。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是"志道"、"据德"、"依仁"、"游艺"。后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。东墙有"卧碑"，就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群--贡院。
Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Templeis located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple marketare integrated.
Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in China.Confucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, itsfounder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As aplace for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.
Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area ofNanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of SongDynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in YuanDynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, andJiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in theXianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by theJapanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, ConfuciusTemple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan isarranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively completepattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, ConfuciusTemple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuanexhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.
Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, ConfuciusTemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as Wu Jingzi's former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xie's former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.
Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of ConfuciusTemple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi andmufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district inthe East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West citieson the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of Temple market integration in history.
Look at the river in front of the square. It's called Qinhuai River. It'sthe mother river of Nanjing people. It's 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is apart of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu.A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period ofthe Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largestscreen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on theNorth Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. Aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the AntiJapanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of Qinhuai.
The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It gotits name from the Confucian school's advocacy of article morality. Because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bridge.The bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which iscalled "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you havea chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.
A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of WangXie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in TangDynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xie's former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties inNanjing." You can visit it when you have time.
Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to theLingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.
The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has onlyone floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. Inthe East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The KuixingPavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces QinhuaiRiver. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui ZhuWen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore,Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuangPavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.
The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" inancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor toworship Confucius.
After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dachenghall.
Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, withZhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the East, there are the stele of fengzhisheng's wife in 1331, the remnantstele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picturestele of Confucius asking for rites.
On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofConfucius' twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ranYong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of HanDynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.
Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong,commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. It's made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. It'sexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on people.On both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius' gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.
At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius TempleDacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters deep.It is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall".Confucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers toConfucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confuciusis the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the bird's kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernConfucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of theperformances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofConfucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen andYanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.
38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "Confucius' holy trace". They are made ofinner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi,Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takesthree years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts theChinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. Theshape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the ErlongWulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, thename Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, YanYingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help peopleout. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chimeby Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggongabout Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtanritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhirenbiegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and TangWenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theConstitution for all ages.".
From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district throughDongshi.
Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the ConfuciusTemple area.
The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. Therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to ConfuciusTemple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion,Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of theschool is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors' preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Templecomplex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of theSouthern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender Hechanged "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of MingDynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics andteaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing sideby side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjingacademy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty,Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highlandbehind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. AllConfucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajingperiod of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperor's motto of "JingyiZhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to Confucianism.
After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past GongyuanWest Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. Inaddition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.
Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank youfor your support and cooperation!
今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
秦淮河的由来和历史变迁
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。
Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mu's poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,today's ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.
The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was opened.However, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Today's ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.
Temple Square (2 minutes)
Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius Temple.The integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.
Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)
Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius' thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong you.At the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.
Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)
Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius' miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.
Inscriptions (1 minute)
From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang's donation of examinees'fees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.
A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)
The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.
Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.
The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confucius'ancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.
Other (1 minute)
Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Today's Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xie'an and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!
B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)
Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial examinations.At first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was neglected.Until today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical relic.Mingyuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.
Dormitory (1 minute)
Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees' attitudes.In the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.
To court (1 minute 30 seconds)
The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, children'sexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixing'sfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No It's often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of China's imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.
This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!
各位游客，大家好!我们今天要参观的是位于秦淮河畔的夫子庙。说起夫子庙，我们还得先来谈谈南京人的母亲河-----秦淮河。秦淮河又名淮水、小江、龙藏浦，是南京文化的古老渊源。它从东水关入城，从西水关出城，流经夫子庙前的这一段长约十华里，因此被称为“十里秦淮”。从古至今，秦淮河的两岸就是一派繁华的景象，唐人杜牧的诗是这样说的：“烟笼寒水月笼沙，夜泊秦淮近酒家。商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花”，一首诗说尽了秦淮河的繁华。解放以后，经过南京市政府的大力建设，今天的十里秦淮已成为展现江南特有风貌的国家5A级风景名胜区。
夫子庙共包括孔庙、学宫、贡院三大建筑群，东晋年间，朝廷在这里兴建了学宫;宋代在东晋学宫的旧址上扩建了夫子庙;南宋又开设了科举考场----贡院。然而，夫子庙在历史上曾经五毁五建，最后一次是在1937年毁于侵华日军的战火，今天的夫子庙是1984年以后重新修建的。
庙前广场(2分钟)
各位游客，现在我们来到的是孔庙前的广场。庙市合一是夫子庙最显著的特点之一。广场纵向为庙，横向为市，庙市合一，独具氛围。位于大家身后的这堵红墙称为照壁，具有遮蔽、避邪及装饰的作用，全长110米，是我国照壁之最。照壁前的这个半圆形的水池称为泮池，古时皇帝讲学的地方叫辟雍，诸侯讲学的学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫等级相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池便称为泮池，位于泮池西侧的这座桥叫文德桥，因儒家提倡文章道德而得名，由于桥向与子午线方向一致，因此每年农历十一月十五日子时左右，天上明月的倒影便会被桥影分成两半，这一奇观被称为“文德分月”。文德桥畔广场西侧有一聚星亭，取“群星集中，人才荟萃”之意。迎面这个大牌坊，是“天下文枢坊”。造型为四柱三门，它的意思是说这里是天下文化的中心。牌坊南侧有魁星阁，古有“奎主文章”之说，魁星是文运兴旺之兆，也是科举考试夺魁的象征，因而，魁星被历代学子奉为神灵。在广场北方便是棂星门，相传棂星是天上的文星，是主管教化的星宿，取名之由是表示天下文人学士集学于此的意思。
大成门、露台(1分钟)
大成门是大成殿的正门，也是夫子庙的正大门。在古代森严的封建等级制度下，只有官员可以从大成门出入，一般士子只能从旁门进出。门后两侧墙壁上镌刻两个大字，分别为“礼”和“仁”，是孔子思想的核心，也是其本人毕生追求的目标。在大成门后，大成殿前有一甬道，甬道两旁立有孔子十二位门生中的八位，均由汉白玉雕刻而成，分别为闵损、冉耕、冉求、端木赐、冉庸、宰予、言偃和仲由。甬道的尽头为露台，高1.4米，东西长21.8米，南北宽14米，四周围以石栏，前有二龙戏珠丹陛石，两侧立有石灯，露台是举行祭祀和歌舞的地方，露台正中有一尊孔子铜像，铜像前设有铁香炉，上刻“至圣先师”是对孔子的尊称。铜像高4.18米，重2.37吨，是国内孔庙中最大的一尊铜像。露台两旁原是两庑，是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位和存放祭祀、仪礼、佾舞用具的处所，现缩为小两庑，改为碑廊，陈列有赵朴初、林散之、武中奇等著名书法家墨迹的石碑30余块，供游人欣赏。
大成殿(2分钟)
大成殿是夫子庙的标志性建筑，高16.22米，宽27.3米，进深27.9米。正面屋檐下海蓝色竖匾上书“大成殿”三个字。大成殿屋脊鸱吻中有二龙戏珠立雕，这在国内同类建筑中属首创之作，屋面覆盖青色小瓦所体现的轻灵秀美之势，与北方孔庙采用黄色琉璃瓦所体现的恢弘气势明显不一样，更显随和、入俗，这也是南京夫子庙更接近民俗文化的表现之一。殿中央陈列有国内最大的孔子画像，画像上方挂三块匾额都是出自历代皇帝之手，分别为康熙所书“万世师表”、乾隆所书“与天地参”以及光绪所书“斯文在兹”。在画像前两侧立有孔子的四位门生，即孟子、孔汲、曾参、颜回，前面还有琴、古筝、鼓等古代乐器。在四周墙壁上有38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，为《孔子圣迹图》，由浙江乐清200名匠师采用取自浙江、福建、内蒙古、广东、广西等地的玉石、鸡血冻、寿山石等石中名品及黄金、珠宝等贵重饰件，耗3年之工雕成，总投资580万元人民币，现价值人民币1亿多元，这38幅壁画分别为：圣迹之图、题首前言、尼山致祷、麒麟玉书、二龙五老等。
碑刻(1分钟)
由大成殿出，右手边的古井即玉兔泉，据记载，玉兔泉是由秦桧发现并挖掘的。泉旁侧立有《筹措朝考盘费碑》，记载了两江总督时期李鸿章、左宗棠捐助考生进京会考费用的一段历史。另一侧还有四块碑，其中最著名的是刻于南朝时期的《孔子问礼图碑》，记载了春秋末期奴隶制即将瓦解之际，孔子为维护奴隶制从鲁国到周天子所生活的城市洛阳寻访典章制度，向老子请教问礼的故事，另外是南京市仅存的三块元碑《集庆孔子庙碑》《封至圣夫人碑》和《封四氏碑》。
A学宫 ：学宫大门(30秒) 明德堂(1分30秒) 尊经阁及其周边(1分钟)
学宫位于大成殿后方，南向门楣上书“大明国子学”，由曾国藩题写，北向门楣上书“东南第一学”，由清乾隆时期文武双科状元秦大士题写。走进学宫大门，可以看见左右两个亭子中竖有一钟一鼓，亭额上分别写有“习礼”“仰圣”四个字，是古时士子们用于祭拜孔子的。
正对着学宫大门的是明德堂，堂名由文天祥题写，明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望朝圣后，学子们便在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕，以培养学子们忠君爱国的思想。明德堂原名“明伦堂”，当年元军即将攻克南京时，文天祥为了表明他宁死不屈的决心和效忠国家、报效民众之志气，亲自手书改“明伦堂”为“明德堂”，故保留至今。
明德堂后的尊经阁高三层，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，是当年存放儒家典籍，教谕讲课的讲堂，现为民俗风情陈列馆。与尊经阁并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云楼，尊经书院分置尊经阁后两边，崇圣祠原为专奉孔子先辈之所，现为梨园。青云楼在清朝时改为图书馆。尊经书院为讲课之所，相当于现在的教室。尊经阁后的小高地叫卫山，建有敬一亭，所谓“敬一”就是对孔学的敬业之情。
其他(1分钟)
各位游客，白天的夫子庙繁华热闹，晚上的夫子庙更是流光溢彩!早在南北朝时期，秦淮河上就又金陵灯会，明朝时更是达到了顶峰，桨声灯影里的秦淮河，可谓天下一绝。今天的夫子庙沿袭了“青砖小瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花隔窗”的徽派建筑风格。游客来到这里，不仅能够领略传统文化，还能饱尝独具风味的秦淮小吃，探寻秦淮八艳的传奇故事，乘上秦淮画舫饱览两岸风光或者去探寻乌衣巷、王导谢安故居、李香君故居等名人踪迹，都是赏心乐事。我的讲解到此结束，谢谢大家!
B贡院 前街、明远楼(1分30秒)
现在我们来到的是贡院前街，在街道中竖立着六尊人物雕像，他们都是历朝历代从这里走出去的才子，分别有唐寅、吴承恩、郑板桥、吴敬梓、林则徐和张謇。在雕塑的东侧，立有石碑11块，记载着这座贡院的历史兴衰以及各朝皇帝、大臣、名士对贡院的赞誉、评价和题咏，前街正前方是贡院，贡院牌坊上有李渔题写的楹联，始建于南宋，是专门用于举行科举考试的场所。起初，应试人数不多，规模也不大，仅仅供府、县学的考试之用，偶遇考生增多的年份，甚至需要借用寺庙作为临时考场，时至明永乐年间，重建了这座贡院，后南京贡院的规模不断扩大，待至清正式定名为“江南贡院”时，已达到空前之势，形成了东起姚家巷，西至学宫、孔庙，南临秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整体，号舍多达两万多间。民国之后，贡院冷落，直至今日，只有明远楼作为历史文物被保留了下来。明远楼是历届科举考试时用于警戒和发号施令之所。一楼拱门内保留有明、清和民国年间的石碑，详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史，有效地保存了封建时代科举考场的情景。20世纪80年代有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”。
号舍(1分钟)
现在贡院内恢复了四十余间号舍，以千字文为序，号舍高6尺，深4尺，宽3尺，面积不超过1.5平方米，里面仅陈列一上一下两块板而已。考生要在里面待上9天考上三场，吃喝拉撒睡考全在这里。白天他们在案板上答卷，晚上就在案板上合衣而眠。我们可以想象当年考试的艰辛，贡院西侧的号巷内用蜡像展示了考生百态，东侧为游客体验区，有兴趣的朋友可以体验一下。
至公堂(1分30秒)
科举始于隋唐，止于晚清，长达1320xx年，在明清时期逐渐形成了童试、乡试、会试、殿试四个等级的考试。前方大家看到的“至公堂”过去是主考官办公地，至公二字取意考试“公平、公正、平等”，现在是科举陈列室，分为东中西三个展厅，中间的展厅是科举文化陈列室，内有一尊魁星点斗、独占熬头的雕塑，旁边的这组横型展示了当年状元高中跨马游街的情形，非常壮观。四周墙壁上展出的图片资料介绍了中国科举制度的起源、发展。东侧的状元厅内展出了中国历代状元名录。而西侧的是名人厅，里面展出了和江南贡院有关的名人，还有和科举有关的一些图片资料和实物资料。
关于夫子庙的讲解就到此结束了，谢谢大家!