Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. I'm veryglad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.
The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. Itstarts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runsacross the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the"Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It iscalled "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.
The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and AutumnPeriod in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wallwas the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng"in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one ofthe earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started fromPingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It isthe most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.
After unifying China in 221 B.C., the first emperor of Qin repaired part ofthe old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan. At the cost of "building acity of thousands of miles and building a people of thousands of miles", hebegan to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000 kilometers long, fromLintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then, the Great Wall has stoodin the east of the world, experiencing thousands of years of wind, frost, rainand snow.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protectthe newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This isalso the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.
After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongoliaand Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent northto build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18times, lasting more than 260 years. It was not until the 12th year of Hongzhithat it was completed, starting from the Yalu River in the East and reachingJiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, InnerMongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces and autonomous regions. The GreatWall is more than 12700 Li long. And along the Great Wall is divided into ninedefense areas, known as "nine sides and nine towns". Moreover, in many importantpass areas, especially in the north of Beijing City, multiple walls were built.These are the Badaling Great Wall we see now.
The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is thelargest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes inhistory are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.
Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall islocated in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preservedsection of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and themost rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city asthe center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in thenorth, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to theoutside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan.From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong inthe west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in alldirections. Badaling pass city was built in 1505, with a height of 7.5 metersand a thickness of 4 meters. There is a plaque on each of the East and Westgates, with "Juyong Wai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West.At the entrance of Guancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters anda caliber of 10.5 cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now let's look at thewall of the Great Wall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8meters narrow at the top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of fourbasic structures.
1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is aticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai.It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composedof the Great Wall defense alarm system.
Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to conveymilitary information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night afire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smokeis high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, itwas stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit acigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns,more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers wereinvolved, five cigarettes and five guns.
From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. JuyongPass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrierto the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuang'sconstruction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people whohave been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the GreatWall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan inSui Dynasty.
When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongest section ofthe Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters and administrativeorganizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lush withextraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spots inYanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places of interest,such as Yang LIULANG's Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiying's dianjiangtai, andbaifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play.
Not only that, but also Juyong Guanzhong has a white jade platform, calledYuntai, which was built in 1345. Because there were three Tibetan pagodas builton the stage and the coupons under the stage, it was originally called "crossingthe street pagoda". In the early Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, andthen the Tai'an temple was built. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple wasdestroyed again, and now there are only pillar bases and watchposts. There arealso six kinds of seal cutting scriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on theinner wall, which are important objects for studying ancient Chinesecharacters.
Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of thestory is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". It's about Qin Shihuangbuilding the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, itbegan to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnu's husband,fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after herwedding.
In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard fromhim. Meng Jiangnu couldn't eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. MengJiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didn'tcover her body. She kept shouting "I'm cold, I'm hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke upand decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. Allthe way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguanto find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fanQiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news islike a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earthshaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now theproject manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here toinspect the progress of the project.
The first emperor of Qin sent someone to arrest Meng Jiangnu to find outthe reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang was fascinated by her beauty andinsisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong". Although Meng Jiangnu was full ofanger, she still held down her hatred and had an idea. She had to ask QinShihuang to agree to her three conditions before she could become the "Empressof the palace". The first is to find the body of his husband fan Qiliang; thesecond is to hold a state funeral for his husband; and the third is to ask thefirst emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fan Qiliang. After listeningto the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, the first emperor of Qinthought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful Meng Jiangnu, he insisted.Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to the tomb of fan Zhaliang, whodied for the construction of the city. Her long cherished wish was fulfilled.Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up and threw herself into the sea.
At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous andoverbearing? Let's ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be ahero!!
Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the temple of heaven, thelargest and most complete ancient architecture group in the world.
Located in the southeast of Beijing, the temple of heaven is also thelargest existing ancient sacrificial building complex in China and the world. Itwas built in the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty and completed in the 18thyear of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 273 hectares. It's morethan three times the size of the Forbidden City. It is the place for emperors ofMing and Qing Dynasties to pray for heaven and valley. Every year, the "threeMencius" hold sacrifices, namely, praying for valley in spring, praying for rainin summer and praying for heaven in winter. When it was first built, it was alsoa place for offering sacrifices to the earth God, which was called Heaven Earthaltar. Until the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, another Ditan was builtin the north. At that time, heaven and earth began to offer sacrificesseparately, and two more altars were built at the same time. It is only thenthat the present-day "four altars" in the suburbs of Beijing, namely, the SouthTemple of heaven, the North Temple of earth, the East Temple of the sun and theWest Temple of the moon, were formed.
The temple of heaven is the general name of the two altars of Yuanqiu andQigu. The layout of the building is in the shape of "Hui", with double altarwalls, forming the inner and outer altar. The altar wall is round in the Southand North, symbolizing the round sky and place, so it is also called the heavenearth wall. The main buildings are the hall of praying for the new year, thealtar of round mound, the imperial vault, the Zhai palace, the outer altar, themusic office and the sacrifice place. Except zhaigong in the west, the otherthree groups are on the same central axis. It is the only building withasymmetric axis in Beijing ancient architecture.
However, such a holy place for worshiping heaven was once looted by theBritish and French allied forces in 1860, and then by the Eight Allied forces in1900. When Yuan Shikai ascended the throne in 1916, he also staged a farce ofsacrificing heaven in the temple of heaven. In 1918, the temple of heaven wasfinally opened as a park. After liberation, the temple of heaven has not onlybecome a famous tourist attraction, but also an integral part of Beijing's urbangreen space. Not only tourists come here, but also some elderly people who arededicated to physical fitness.
Now let's start this tour along the route that the emperor ascended thealtar.
Let's first introduce zhaigong. Zhai palace is located in the west gate ofthe temple of heaven, which has the famous Wuliang palace. Covering an area ofabout 40000 square meters, it is known as the small forbidden city and the placewhere the emperor fasted before offering sacrifices. The emperor fasted here forthree days before offering sacrifices to heaven. In the three days, "no meat, noalcohol, no entertainment, no bathing, no criminal name, no sex." The so-calledZhi Zhai. There are stone pavilions on both sides of the terrace in front ofzhaigong hall. On the right is the time Pavilion, and on the left is the fastingbronze Pavilion. The bronze man is 0.5 meters tall and dressed in civilianclothes. It is said that he was Wei Zheng in Tang Dynasty. Holding the bronzeplate of fasting, engraved with the word "fasting" to warn the emperor.
Now let's take a look at the Yuanqiu altar. Yuanqiu altar is 5.7 metershigh and divided into three layers. The four directions of each floor have ninesteps paved with argyi leaf bluestone. Surrounded by white marble fence. Thereare two walls outside the altar. From the east to the wall, there are fourLingxing Gates: Taiyuan, zhaoheng, Guangli and Chengzhen. Now let's go to thealtar. Please pay attention to the surface. The number of stones used on thealtar surface is related to nine. The diameter of the upper layer is 9 feet, thediameter of the middle layer is 15 feet, and the diameter of the lower layer is21 feet. The third floor is 45 feet in total, which is not only a multiple of 9,but also means "the highest of nine". The round marble in the middle of the topaltar is called Tianxin stone. It's also called "Yi Zhao Ying Cong Shi". Whenpeople stand on it and speak, they will feel a strong resonance. Around theTianxin stone layer, there are nine circles of huge fan-shaped stones, includingnine in the first circle and 18 in the second circle. And so on, the NinthCircle on the outermost side is exactly 81 blocks; the second layer, the secondlayer is the same. Until the 27th outermost lap. Similarly, when you look up,you can see that the guard board is divided into four parts by four steps, andeach part also has 9 pieces. The guard board in the middle layer is 18 pieces,and the guard board in the lower layer is 27 pieces. All these are madeaccording to the Yin Yang and five elements. 9 is the number of extreme Yang, soancient craftsmen used this number to emphasize the loftiness and sanctity ofheaven. The steps of offering sacrifices to heaven can be divided into: burningfirewood to meet the emperor, offering sacrifices to heaven in cangbi, enteringthe throne, offering sacrifices at the beginning, offering sacrifices at theend, withdrawing food, sending the emperor to heaven, and watching the fire.
Let's look at the southwest of Yuanqiu altar. There are three tall stoneplatforms, called wangdengtai. The long pole on the stage is the beacon pole.The pole is nine feet high and red. At the time of offering sacrifices toheaven, a lantern with a diameter of six feet and a height of eight feet is hungon each lantern pole. The lanterns are decorated with Panlong overnight wax,which can last for six hours. Not out, not oil, not cut wax.
Now let's continue to walk along the central axis. The building in front ofus is the sky vault. Huanggongyu was built in the ninth year of Jiajing reign ofthe Ming Dynasty. It was originally called the temple of Tai. In the 17th yearof Jiajing reign, it was renamed the present huanggongyu. It is a special placefor storing God cards. There are not only the God cards of heaven, but also theGod cards of wind, thunderstorm and electricity. This group of buildings notonly has exquisite modeling, but also has echo wall and three tone stone, whichare called the three acoustic phenomena of the temple of heaven together withTianxin stone.
The echo wall is the outer wall of the imperial vault. The walls are builtwith bricks and mortar, which is a good sound transmitter. As long as you speakto the wall correctly, you can hear each other clearly even if you can't see theface at a distance of 40 or 50 meters. The Sanyin stone is the three stones infront of the main hall of huangqiongyu. When you stand on the first stone andclap your hands, you can hear an echo once, the second stone can hear twice, andthe third stone can hear three echoes, so it is called Sanyin stone. Later, ittook the meaning of "three talents of heaven, earth and man" and was also called"three talents stone".
You should have noticed that there are many cypress trees in the temple ofheaven. Among the many ancient cypresses, there is a cypress over 500 years old,which is the nine dragon cypress outside the west wall of echo wall. Because thesurface of its trunk is full of twisted grooves, it is called Jiulongcypress.
On the north side of echo wall, there is a broad avenue, which is calledDanbi bridge of Haipeng Avenue. Because there is a culvert under the road toform an interchange, similar to an overpass, so it is called a bridge. Aftercrossing the Danbi bridge, we can see the qigutan complex. Qigu altar is athree-layer white marble round altar, covering an area of nearly 6000 squaremeters. The hall of praying for new year was built on it.
The hall of praying for new year is the symbol of the temple of heaven.Also used to be a symbolic building in China, formerly known as the Great Hallof worship. It means praying for a good harvest year. In architecture, it is around double eaves with a pointed roof, and the top is covered with blue bambootiles. Shrinkage layer by layer, up to nine feet, supported by 28 red pillars.It is the only imitation Ming Tang style building left in China. In the past,glazed tiles were divided into three colors and three different meanings. Thatis: Shangqing, on behalf of heaven, yellow, on behalf of the emperor, green, onbehalf of the people. Later, in order to show respect for God, they all changedto blue glazed tiles.
The top of the hall and the 28 pillars supporting the top of the hall alsohave different representative meanings. The perimeter of the top of the hall is30 Zhang, representing 30 days in a month. The four Longjing pillars symbolizethat there are four seasons in a year. 12 in the middle symbolizes 12 months ina year. The 12 outer roots symbolize 12 hours in a day. The 24 roots in themiddle and outer layers symbolize the 24 solar terms. There are 28 stars in thethree layers, which symbolize the 28 stars in the sky. If you add 8 childpillars at the top of the hall, there will be 36 in total. It symbolizes 36Tiangang in the sky,
)。 There is also a gold-plated short copper pillar called Lei Gongzhu onthe top of the treasure, which symbolizes the emperor's domination. In addition,there is a "dragon and Phoenix caisson" inside the top of the hall, and a"dragon and Phoenix auspicious stone" on the ground. The two complement eachother.
Like offering sacrifices to heaven, the ritual of praying for grain is heldhere every year. The main hall should be renovated before each sacrifice.
Now we come out from the east gate of the altar of praying for grain, andwe can see a long corridor with 72 rooms, commonly known as 72 company rooms. Itconnects with the God kitchen and God storehouse, and is the channel fortransporting sacrifices during sacrifice. In the southeast of the corridor,there are eight huge bluestones, called Seven Star stones. This is FengshuiZhenshi. There are two versions of the seven star stone. In one generation, aTaoist and an emperor said that the southeast of the hall of praying for newyear was empty, which was unfavorable to the country. So here are seven stonessymbolizing the Big Dipper. Second, the Seven Star Stone represents the sevenpeaks of Dongyue. As for the xiaoqingshi in the northeast, Emperor Kangxi sentpeople to investigate the hair vein of Mount Tai in order to find a theoreticalbasis for the Manchu to take charge of the Central Plains, and determined thatthe hair vein of Mount Tai increased after the Changbai Mountain in thenortheast.
Today's sightseeing tour is coming to an end. I hope this time in thetemple of heaven can become an eternal memory of your visit to Beijing.
Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the summer palace, which waslisted in the world cultural heritage list in 1998. It is the most abundant andwell preserved Royal Garden in the world.
Located in the northwest of Beijing, the summer palace covers an area of290 hectares, of which the water surface is about 220 hectares. The summerpalace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was built in 1750 to celebrate thebirthday of his mother in the year of Emperor Qianlong. In 1860, it was burnedby the United Kingdom and France, and most of the buildings were destroyed. Ciximisappropriated the Navy's military expenditure and took 10 years to rebuild.After completion, it was renamed the summer palace. Cixi spent most of her lateryears in the garden, where traces of major events of that year can still betraced. The basic layout of the summer palace can be divided into three parts:the administrative area with Renshou hall as the center, the living area foremperors and empresses with Yulan hall and Leshou hall as the main parts, andthe tourist area with Kunming Lake and coastal scenery and scenery of FrontMountain and back mountain as the main parts. If you add the paiyun hall, it canalso be divided into four parts.
At first there was no name. In the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Jinshan palacewas built on the mountain, so it was called "Jinshan" and "Jinhai". It is alsosaid that an old man dug out a stone urn at the foot of the mountain, and theYuan Dynasty changed the name of this place to "wengshan" and "wengshanpo".Wengshan park is located in the west of Dadu in Yuan Dynasty, with enchantingscenery, so it has the reputation of "West Lake" in literati's works. In theMing Dynasty, some temples and temples were built here. The emperor called it"good mountain garden". In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, large-scaleconstruction of royal gardens began here. At that time, there was the famous"three mountains and five gardens". They are: Yuquan mountain, Wanshou mountain,Xiangshan Mountain, Changchun Garden, Jingming garden, Jingyi garden, Yuanminggarden, Qingyi Garden. Qingyi Garden is now the summer palace.
When we arrived at the east palace gate, our tour officially began. Outsidethe East Palace is the largest crossing archway in the Qing Dynasty. The eastpalace gate is also the main gate of the summer palace. The plaque on the doorof the summer palace is the handwriting of Emperor Guangxu. The word "Yihe"means "Yiyang spirit, peace of mind".
Entering the east palace gate, we first came to Renshou hall. The word"Renshou" comes from the meaning of "Renzhe Shou" in the Analects of Confucius.That is to say, those who govern with benevolence can live a long life. Renshouhall used to be the hall of diligent administration during the reign of EmperorQianlong. After the reconstruction of the summer palace, it was changed intoRenshou hall. This is the main place for Royal political activities in thegarden. The five Taihu stones we see face to face are called fengxu Wulao, whichmeans longevity. The bronze monster on the throne of Han white jade Xumi, knownas Qilin and Sibuxiang, is one of the nine sons of the dragon, symbolizingauspiciousness and wealth. In front of the hall, there are two pairs of bronzecensers in the shape of dragon and Phoenix, arranged in such a way that thePhoenix is on the inside and the dragon is on the outside, highlighting theposition of the Phoenix. This has something to do with the fact that EmpressDowager Cixi listened to the government behind the curtain at the end of theQing Dynasty.
Now the furnishings in Renshou hall are basically the same as before. Thereare royal cases, throne, corner ends, palm fans and screens on the ground bed inthe hall. The screen is made of red sandalwood and carved with nine dragons. Thecenter of the screen is a glass mirror with 226 characters of longevity writtenin different ways. The palm fan is a palace decoration decorated with peacockplume. The horn end is a unicorn, which is said to be able to "communicate withthe four barbarians". The practical use is the censer. On the walls on bothsides of the hall, there is a picture of a hundred bats holding longevity. Theword "Shou" in the middle is written by Cixi. Bat and Fu have the samepronunciation, which means more happiness and more longevity.
Through the rockery behind Renshou hall, we can see Kunming Lake in frontof us.
The best view of the summer palace is on the East Bank of Kunming Lake.Here we can look at foxiangge in the north, Yuquan mountain in the West andNanhu island in the south.
Next we will visit the empress living area.
Now we can see that this group of chic and elegant courtyard is Yulan hall,"Yulan" comes from the verse of Jin Dynasty poet Lu Ji: "Yuquan gushes in thegentle waves". This is the place where Emperor Guangxu lived and dealt with hisdaily affairs when he came to the summer palace. After the failure of the reformmovement of 1898, Guangxu was put under house arrest here. In order to controlhis every move, Cixi even closed the cloisters on the East and west sides withbrick walls. All these are the witness of the reform movement of 1898. Yulanhall is a traditional courtyard building with breakfast room in the East,dormitory in the West and study in the middle.
Behind the Yulan hall is the Yiyun Museum, which means "Yiyun" is suitablefor collecting books. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was the placewhere the emperor collected books. After reconstruction, it was changed into thepalace of empress Longyu.
After walking through Yiyun hall, the corridor in the northwest corner isLeshou hall. "Leshou" comes from the Analects of Confucius, which means thatthis is the place where the benevolent and the wise live. Leshoutang is the mainbuilding in the living area. It has two floors. It was originally the placewhere Qianlong's mother lived. After reconstruction, it was changed into theresidence of Empress Dowager Cixi.
Entering the courtyard, we can see a lot of things here. Copper deer,copper crane and copper vase are used to refer to the homophony of deer, craneand vase, which means "Six Harmonies and peace". Magnolia, Begonia and peony arealso planted in the courtyard, which symbolizes the wealth of Yutang. The Taihustone on the south side is just the shadow wall of leshoutang. Because the shapeis like Ganoderma lucidum and cyan. So it's called qingzhixiu. There is also atrue story about qingzhixiu. In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there wasa senior official named Mi Wanzhong who was addicted to stones. After he foundthis stone in the mountains of Fangshan County, he wanted to transport it to hishome. But because the family ran out of money, and as a result, he lost hisfamily. Therefore, the stone is also known as the "black sheep's stone", whichwas later discarded on the roadside of Liangxiang. After more than a hundredyears, Qianlong went to the Western mausoleum to sweep the tomb. When he passedLiangxiang, he saw this stone. They ordered the soldiers to transport them tothe Leshou hall under construction. But because the stone was too big and thedoor was too narrow, they broke in. Only because the shape of the stone issimilar to ganoderma lucidum can it be preserved.
Now, let's go to the gallery. The gallery, also known as "wanjuan Gallery",has 273 rooms with a total length of 728 meters, starting from the moon gate inthe East and ending at Shizhang Pavilion in the West. There are four beautifulpavilions, Liujia, Jilan, Qiushui and Qingyao. The corridor is like a ribbonconnecting the scenery in front of the mountain. There are more than 14000pieces of Soviet style paintings in the gallery, which made it the world'slargest gallery by Guinness World Records in 1900.
Finally, I'd like to introduce Qing Yanfang, which is located at the westend of the corridor. When Emperor Qianlong built Qingyi Garden, he used theallusions of Wei Zheng to persuade Cambodian Li Shimin by borrowing the versesin Er Jing Fu. The Qing Yan boat was built in the courtyard. It is used toencourage oneself and to warn future generations. This is the place where theemperors enjoyed tea and the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong also setfree here. When it was rebuilt in the reign of Guangxu, machine wheels wereinstalled on both sides of the stone ship, which seemed like a Western ship.
接团导游词北京英语4
Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the largest and most completeroyal palace complex in the world,
The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, formerly known asthe Forbidden City. It was built in the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty andcompleted in the 18th year of Yongle in 15 years. It is the palace of 24emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its name is borrowed from Zihui Xingyuan.Covering an area of 720000 square meters, it is rectangular, 960 meters longfrom north to South and 750 meters wide from east to west. It is surrounded by a50 meter wide moat and a 10 meter high city wall. There are more than 9000rooms.
It has a history of nearly 600 years. It is the largest and best preservedroyal palace complex in the world. This group of large-scale buildings is builtaccording to the principle of "front Dynasty, back room, zuozu and YouSHE" in"Zhouli KAOGONGJI", with rigorous structure, brilliant color and regularlayout.
The Palace Museum is divided into two parts: the former dynasty and thelatter. The former dynasty was the main place for emperors to hold ceremoniesand summon officials. The central buildings were Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall andBaohe hall, as well as Wenhua hall and Wuying hall. The harem can also bedivided into three parts. They are the main palace with the theme of Qianqingpalace, Jiaotai palace and kunningguan palace, the east palace with the theme ofFengxian palace and Huangji palace, and the West Palace with the theme ofYangxin palace and Chuxiu palace.
The Palace Museum has four gates. The main gate is the Meridian Gate in thesouth, Donghua gate in the East, Xihua gate in the West and Shenwu gate in thenorth.
From Tian'anmen Gate to the north is Duanmen gate. You can see the MeridianGate when you cross the Duanmen gate. Meridian Gate is the main gate of theForbidden City. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Shunzhi. It is a doubleeaves veranda roof building with 95 bays and 35 meters in height. Its plane isconcave, with four double eaves pavilions on each wing. It is commonly known aswufenglou. The small square in front of the Meridian Gate can hold more than20000 people. On the first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, theemperor presented a Almanac. In case of going to war or offering prisoners, theemperor issued an order at the Meridian Gate or accepted the surrender ofprisoners. All the ministers who were criticized as "rebellious scale" forangering the emperor came to the Meridian Gate to receive the "Imperial Staff".According to the records, two times in the fourteenth year of Zhengde and thethird year of Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, people were killed by the ImperialStaff.
After the Meridian Gate, you can see a zigzag, jade belt like artificialriver, which is the jade belt river. The five exquisitely carved white marblebridges across the river, Yudai bridge, is the only way to the three halls ofthe former dynasty.
The three halls of the former dynasty, commonly known as the three mainhalls, are Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall in turn. They are the mainbuildings on the central axis and the tallest buildings in the ForbiddenCity.
The hall of Taihe can be seen through the gate of Taihe where the emperorof Ming Dynasty listened to the government. Taihe hall, commonly known as"Jinluan hall", was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed andbuilt many times. It was once called Fengtian hall and Huangji hall. Finally, itwas rebuilt in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty and renamed Taihe hall. With aheight of about 35 meters and a width of about 63 meters from east to west, and12 red pillars on the front, it was the largest wooden structure building inBeijing at that time. The base was built with white marble and Aiqing stoneabout 10 meters high. The base is surrounded by a stone pillar with the patternof cloud dragon and cloud Phoenix. At the bottom of the base, there are morethan a thousand white jade dragon heads carved with holes for drainage. In caseof rain, we can see the wonderful landscape of "thousand dragons spittingwater". There are 18 incense burners on both sides of the stone steps, and 4bronze pots on the balcony in front of the hall. The copper tortoises and craneson the left and right symbolize the longevity of the emperor and empressrespectively. The sundial in the East symbolizes being ordered by heaven.Jialiang in the West symbolizes the emperor's justice. There are 48 big columnsin the hall. In the middle is a flat bed, on which there is a gold lacquerdragon throne. On the top of the hall, there is the meaning of "caisson" tosuppress fire. There is a dragon with a pearl in its mouth on the middle dome.Pearl coated with mercury, known as "Xuanyuan mirror.". It seems that theemperor who ascended the throne was a descendant of the emperor Xuanyuan.
The main function of the hall of Supreme Harmony is to celebrate the threefestivals of new year's day, winter solstice and longevity every year. Nationalceremonies such as the new emperor's accession to the throne, the issuance ofimportant imperial edicts, and the issuance of new Jinshi Huang Bang are alsoheld here.
Zhonghe hall, located behind the hall of Dahe, is a square building with asharp top. The weather is also extraordinary. There used to be three names -Huagai hall, Zhongji hall and Zhonghe hall. The name of this hall itselfreflects the Confucian doctrine of the mean. Its main functions are as follows:to wait for the time of going to court and rest in the hall of Supreme Harmony;to accept official congratulations. 2： The day before the emperor went to thefield, he examined the seeds and farm tools. 3： Keep the emperor'sgenealogy.
Baohe hall is the rear of the three main halls. The top of the mountain forthe double eaves. It also has three names - Jinshen hall, Jianji hall and Baohehall. Baohe hall had two functions in the Ming Dynasty: first, the emperor triedon his court clothes before going to Taihe hall. 2、 At the end of each year, acelebration banquet is held here to entertain civil and military officials. Inthe Qing Dynasty, it also had two functions: first, on the first and fifteenthday of the first month of each year, it hosted banquets for foreign vassalprinces, ministers and foreign ministers. 2、 During the reign of Qianlong, theimperial examination was held in Baohe palace. The palace examination is heldevery three years. The emperor made the proposition and examined it in person.The first name is number one, the second name is top ranking, and the third nameis Tanhua. Palace examination began in the Sui Dynasty and ended in the Guangxuperiod of the late Qing Dynasty.
After visiting the first three halls, we came to Qianqing gate, the mainentrance of the back dormitory. The palace to the north of qianqingmen was theplace where the empress lived and lived. The Qianqing gate is the boundarybetween the former dynasty and the later palace, where the Qing Emperors "listento the government". Several low buildings in the West are the military aircraftdepartment, the decision-making organ of the central government set up in theYongzheng period. To the east of the Qianqing gate is the upper study, which isthe reading place for the prince of the Qing Dynasty.
Qianqing palace is the main hall of the back palace. It is also the bedroomof the Ming and Qing emperors and the place where they usually deal withgovernment affairs. Since Emperor Yongzheng moved to Yangxin hall, it is nolonger the emperor's dormitory. On the terrace in front of the palace are fourbronze stoves, a pair of turtles and cranes, a sundial and a Jialiang. On bothsides of the terrace, there is also a "small golden hall of the country" inQianqing palace. There is a gold lacquer throne in the center and a gold lacquerscreen in the back. The plaque on it is the place where Yongzheng secretlyestablished the imperial edict, which is quite mysterious. The main functions ofQianqing Palace are as follows: first, the emperor dealt with daily affairshere. 2、 Every new year's day, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, MidAutumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, winter solstice, new year's Eve and soon, we have to carry out the activities of inner court ceremony and banquet. 3、The two banquets of Qianlong and Kangxi in Qing Dynasty were also held here. Inaddition, many important events and secrets of the Ming Dynasty that shocked thegovernment and the public took place here, such as "renyin palace incident","Hongwan case", "wuzongxihuo" and "Chongzhen escape".
Behind the Qianqing palace is the Jiaotai hall. Jiaotai is like"zhengtiandi Jiaohe, Pingan Kangtai". The hall is square in shape, with 25 sealsin the center and a plaque of "Inaction" of Emperor Kangxi hanging above. On theeast side, there is a timer invented by ancient Chinese people, the copper potdrip, and on the west side, there is a big self ringing clock. In addition,there is an iron card warning eunuchs not to interfere with the government.Every year, when the Queen's birthday and grand ceremony, she will receive acelebration gift in Jiaotai hall. The day before the ceremony, the queen willreview the mulberry picking tools here. After that, Kunning palace, the palaceof the empress of Ming Dynasty, was changed into a place for offering sacrificesto the emperor and getting married. Dongnuange was the bridal chamber of theemperor when he got married.
At the back of the inner court is the imperial garden, formerly known asgonghouyuan. The garden covers an area of only 12000 square meters, but itcontains more than 20 buildings of different styles. In the middle of theimperial garden is tianyimen, and guotianyimen is Qin'an hall. Qin'an hall isthe main building in the imperial garden and the only religious building on thecentral axis of the palace, which is dedicated to Xuanwu emperor. The famousLIANLI cypress in Beijing is in the imperial garden. In the Royal Garden, thereare four pavilions, Wanchun Pavilion, Fubi Pavilion, Qianqiu Pavilion andChengrui Pavilion, which symbolize the four seasons of spring, summer, autumnand winter.
The buildings in the Forbidden City are the crystallization of theextraordinary skills and rich imagination of ancient Chinese architects andcraftsmen. They are precious cultural heritage of China and even the world. OK,let's visit the Forbidden City first.
The Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world. It is like agiant dragon in the vast land of northern China. It is not only thecrystallization of the blood law of the ancient Chinese working people, but alsothe symbol of ancient Chinese culture and the pride of the Chinese nation.
Tourists, we have come to the famous Badaling Great Wall. If you look at itfrom a distance, you can see that the great wall here is divided into South andNorth peaks, winding on the ridge. The scenery is very spectacular. Lookingdown, there are two door openings and a U-shaped city wall. There were crenelson both sides of the wall to resist the enemy. If the enemy breaks through thegate and rushes into the city, he will be surrounded and annihilated by thegarrison on all sides, and the enemy will fall into the urn. Wengcheng is animportant part of the Great Wall. It is generally built on the roads withdangerous terrain. The urn in Badaling is no exception. Built on the ridge,restricted by the terrain, it is low in the East and high in the west, narrow inthe East and wide in the west, only 5000 square meters. There is no well in theurn City, and there is a lack of water. Usually, there are not many troopsstationed. The garrison troops are stationed in Chadao City, three li northwest.There is a "Chayuan mansion" in the Central Plains of Wengcheng, which is forthe emperor to stay or officials to stay. The distance between the two gates ofthe urn city is 63.9 meters. On the lintel of the west gate is inscribed "lockand key of the North Gate". I have already explained its purpose.
On the gate hole, Gujin is equipped with a huge double leaf wooden doorwith wooden top posts and locks. In peacetime, the gate is open for pedestriansand business travelers to enter and leave freely; in wartime, the gate is closedand firm; once the counterattack order is issued, the gate hole is the exit forthousands of troops to launch a charge. The lintel of the east gate of the urn,with the title of "Juyong Wai Gai", was built in the 18th year of Jiajing reignof the Ming Dynasty. On the platform of Guancheng, the town of juyongwai, therewas a stone tablet carved during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. From theinscriptions, we can see the Great Wall, which took more than 80 years tocomplete. The stele also records the time and length of the construction of theGreat Wall, the presiding officer, the foreman, the burner, the potter, thebricklayer and their names, so as to clarify their responsibilities. Standing onthe city and looking down, we can see from the middle
To the constant traffic and visitors through the door. This is not only animportant military defense pass in ancient times, but also an important trafficroute. From here to Changping and Beijing in the south, to Yanqing in the north,and to Xuanhua and Zhangjiakou in the northwest, "the road is divided andextends in all directions.". Badaling also got its name.
Looking down to the right, there is a big gun on display in the south ofdengchengkou, which is called "general Weida". The gun is 2.85 meters long and105 mm in diameter. It is named after the "imperial grant of divine power to thegeneral" on the body of zhongpao. The largest range of the word is more than 500meters, which shows that the military industry at that time was relativelydeveloped.
From Guancheng Chengtai to the highest part of Nanfeng, the South 4thfloor, the wall is 685.8 meters long and 142.4 meters high. Especially betweenthe South 3rd floor and the South 4th floor, the ridge is narrow, the mountainis steep, and the Great Wall is more than 400 meters long. The most dangerouspart of the city top is about 70 degrees, almost straight up and down. The South1st floor and the south 2nd floor have not been restored. Judging from theplinth of the South 3rd floor, there are also pavilions.
The fourth floor south of Nanfeng Great Wall is the highest with analtitude of 803.6 meters. Looking from the tower, the Great Wall winds fromsouthwest to northeast over the ridge, just like a dragon, magnificent. Itreminds us of the poem that Mr. Luo Zhewen, a famous expert on the great wall ofChina, chanted when he visited the Badaling Great Wall. Lock the key to thenorth gate, the sky is dangerous, and the mountain is half steep. From the South4th floor to the South 7th floor, the height decreases gradually. Between theSouth 5th floor and the South 6th floor, a small white Pavilion stands on theridge 30 meters away from the city wall on the inside of the Great Wall. This isthe "memorial Pavilion for the restoration of the Great Wall in GuizhouProvince" completed in June 1987. The South 6th floor is a shop, which is builton the top of the upper floor. It is three rooms wide, with a hard top, redpillars, gray tiles, small and exquisite. This is probably the command post ofthe "thousand generals" at that time.
Today's great wall has long lost its military value. With its unique charm,it attracts the vast number of Chinese and foreign tourists and has become aworld-famous tourist attraction. With the development of tourism, the GreatWall, a symbol of the Chinese nation and an important cultural heritage in theworld, will radiate new vitality. Welcome everyone with better tourism serviceand more beautiful tourism environment!