Hello, everyone! My name is Zhang. You can call me Zhang Dao. I'm your tourguide. I hope you like your trip. We are now one or two kilometers away fromQinghai Lake, and we can reach our destination in about half an hour. We aregoing to... Oh! I think you already know, right! The destination is QinghaiLake!
In your spare time, let me tell you about the legend of Qinghai Lake.Qinghai Lake was called "West Sea" in ancient times. It is said that in thosedays, Qinghai Lake was just a big spring with deep water. There was a big andheavy stone slab at the spring eye. One year, a Taoist priest was passing by. Hewas thirsty and cast a spell. He opened the stone cover and drank water. Afterdrinking the water, the Taoist forgot to put the stone cover on the spring, andthen turned to leave. As a result, the spring gushed continuously and became avast ocean in a twinkling of an eye. In a hurry, he cut off a nearby hill andthrew it into the water to suppress the spring. But the water has flooded alarge area of grassland. In this way, Qinghai Lake and Haixin mountain in thecenter of the lake were formed. Well, the story is finished, and it's almost thedestination. Let's have a rest!
Now, we are at the gate of Qinghai Lake scenic area. Please follow me.Guess which mascot is the statue of the five Fuwa in front of you. By the way,Yingying is also a symbol of the plateau. OK, this way, do you see? This is yak.Of course, there are strong horses! If you are interested, you can come and ridewhen you are free. Now let's go on a cruise with me. Just a moment, everyone.The boat will arrive soon. Well, on the boat, you can take a picture of thesurrounding lakes and mountains, as well as the surface of the lake, which isrefracted by the sun, looks shiny and beautiful. Now, we are on the shore. Let'smove freely. In three hours, gather at the gate.
All right, driver, drive. Although this trip is short, but I know you arevery happy, but you must remember me, director Zhang, welcome to visit nexttime!
Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?
What's the weather like in Beijing?
Beijing's cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. What'sthe wind blowing in winter? What's the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round
You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. It's neither cold nor hot. It's an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. It's a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; it's a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.
I'd like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is Tianyun.After you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but don't call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdon't add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager Cixi.Eunuch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. What's the specialsignificance of this day? My mother's birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizu's birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I can't be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that I'm not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesn't matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyone's activities in Beijing these days.
In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National People's Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Let's give him some applause first!
Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.
People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they won't be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "Kao! It's really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, it's still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat it.The principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedon't have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. You'd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).
Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we haven't arranged to watch acrobatics. I'mvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from acrobatics.China's trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic Games.Chinese people can be proud to announce to the world that we can't do football,we can't do track and field, we can't do swimming pool, but we can't do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you don't go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.
The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xi'an to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddha's head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch people's heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch people's heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Can't get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!
Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of Beijing.Now let's briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.
Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing
Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.
The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / 3.There are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.
To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because it's expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although it's cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.
The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you don't go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.
Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year round.Now we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperor's harem three thousand, so many women we can't do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijing's tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.
So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called girl.Generally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I don't call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I don't care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I don't call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.
This is Beijing's address, Tianjin's address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she won't call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your father's ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your father's younger brother is not uncle. In a word, it'sbasically shouting. That's what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for holidays.Tianjin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.
The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is Sanyuanqiao.It takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International Airport.Expressway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.
Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis "three yuan"? The imperial examination system is called "three yuan". Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong Sanyuan.Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called children's examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is "Jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of rites.The examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is "Huiyuan"; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the examination.The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.
"No one asked me about the cold window in ten years, and I became famousall over the world." "there is a beauty in the book, and there is a golden housein the book..." I don't know how many students are inspired by these famoussayings. Is the number one student the best in the exam? In fact, it's not. Theemperor chooses the number one student who is the best. You are handsome, youare number one. Therefore, it is not enough to learn well, not only to learnwell, but also to grow well, and to be a talented person. So what's oursituation now? After the financial crisis, the employment pressure is even moresevere. Our college students all say that it's better to marry than to learnwell, and it's better to be born than to marry well. Why did the ancient numberone scholar need to be knowledgeable and handsome? Why? Because the emperorwanted to make an article for the world to see. After the number one scholar, heusually had to wear a big red flower to show himself in the street. The emperorwanted to let the world know that studying hard would make him stand out andhave a high honor. But what if a classmate who looks very ugly gets the top onein the exam? The emperor will feel that it's not your fault to be ugly. It'syour fault to scare people. In fact, it is not because of personal factors orthe constraints of the environment at that time that he can not make a bigcontribution in his life. Especially in ancient times, there were many systemsspecially used to restrict the number one scholar, because the number onescholar was smart and handsome. He was a highly dangerous person to the emperor,and would rob my throne and soak my girls. The most abnormal is the Southern HanDynasty in the Five Dynasties, which stipulates that the number one scholar mustbe punished by the palace, that is, castration. No matter how handsome you are,there is nothing to do. An interesting story about the number one scholar
Ladies and gentlemen, this is Zhuge Liang hall. The lintels and pillars ofthe hall are covered with plaques and couplets left by predecessors. One of themost famous is a couplet hanging in the middle of Zhuge Liang's palace, whichsays, "if you can work hard, you'll lose your mind. From ancient times, you knowthat soldiers are not belligerent; if you don't judge the situation, you'll belenient and strict. Later, you have to think deeply about how to govern Shu.".Lianwen was written by Zhao fan, a native of Jianchuan, Yunnan Province in thelate Qing Dynasty.
The Shanglian said that Zhuge Liang was able to use the tactics of"attacking the heart" in fighting, such as making Meng Huo's heart full ofadmiration when he was in the southern expedition. In this way, he praised ZhugeLiang as a militarist who really knew how to fight with troops, not a warlikeone.
The second couplet praises Zhuge Liang for his ability to judge thesituation and formulate a lenient and strict law, which has achieved goodresults, and reminds those who later govern Sichuan to learn from it. Thiscouplet makes an objective evaluation of Zhuge Liang's use of troops andadministration, and puts forward two enlightening questions of "attacking theheart" and "judging the situation". It is the top grade of the couplets on theplaque of Wuhou Temple and one of the famous couplets in China.
In the hall of Zhuge Liang, there are statues of Zhuge Liang, his son andgrandson. Zhuge Liang is like a man on a platform in the middle of the shrine.He has a feather fan and a silk scarf. He is wearing a golden robe. He isconcerned about the country and the people, and has a deep and farsighted look,which shows the demeanor of a generation of Confucians. Zhuge Liang (181-234),who was born in Yinan, Shandong Province, was an outstanding statesman andmilitarist in Chinese history.
When he was young, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangfan. Because ofhis intelligence, hard work and ambition, he got the reputation of "Wolong". Atthe request of Liu Bei, he went out of the mountain to help Liu Bei and foundedShu Han. After Liu Bei's death, he was entrusted with the important task ofassisting his son, Liu Chan, to govern Shu for more than 20 years. He practicedenlightenment, gave strict rewards and punishments, selected talents andappointed talents, built water conservancy, developed production, marched southto central China, and attacked Qishan in the north. With loyalty, diligence,honesty and intelligence, he gained stability and prosperity in Shu. Chen Shou,a historian, commented that the state of Shu at that time had clear politics,honest and upright people, open fields, rich warehouses, and peaceful sceneseverywhere. Due to overwork, he died in wuzhangyuan army at the age of 54. Hewas buried at the foot of Dingjun mountain in Mianxian County, ShaanxiProvince.
Zhuge Liang has done a lot of good things in his life, such as beingdiligent, loving the people and being beneficial to social progress. After hisdeath, people miss him very much and respect him very much for his spirit ofdevoting himself to his life. As a result, people built one Wuhou Temple afteranother to commemorate him, and worshipped him as a model of loyal officials,virtuous prime minister and the embodiment of wisdom.
Zhuge Zhan, the son of Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Shang, the grandson of ZhugeLiang, led the Wei army to fight a decisive battle in Mianzhu when the Shu HanDynasty was faced with survival. Finally, they died for their country becausethey were outnumbered.
There is a bronze drum in Zhuge Liang hall, which is a cultural relic inthe fifth and sixth centuries. Bronze drum, originally a cooking utensil ofsouthwest ethnic minorities in ancient times, has appeared as early as thespring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Later, the bronze drumgradually evolved into a kind of musical instrument and ritual instrument, whichwas used in assembly and celebration, and also a symbol of wealth and power. Itis said that Zhuge Liang used this kind of bronze drum during his southernexpedition. It was used for cooking in the daytime and for alarming in theevening. Therefore, it is also called Zhuge drum.
In the wing rooms on both sides outside the hall, there are woodcut poemson display. In the west chamber, there are 12 pieces of calligraphy by MaoZedong, Dong Biwu, Zhang Aiping, Fang Yi, Zhou Gucheng, Chu Tunan, LiangShuming, etc., while in the East chamber, there are wood carvings of LongzhongDUI and Chushi Biao.
Sanyi Temple:
After leaving Zhuge Liang hall, there is Sanyi temple. Sanyi Temple got itsname from offering sacrifices to Liu, Guan and Zhang, who were the three membersof Taoyuan. The temple was built in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the QingDynasty, with four entrances and five halls. Now only worship hall, main hall,into a courtyard layout. Sanyi temple was originally located in Tidu street inthe center of the city. Due to the need of urban construction, it was moved herein 1997. In the relocation project, in strict accordance with the nationalregulations on cultural relics, the original building components were removed byserial number and transported to the new site to be built according to theserial number to restore the original appearance.
The restored Sanyi temple is towering, and its architectural form is thesame as that of Liubei hall. The roof is a single eaves hard hill type, coveredby green simple tiles. The structure is a wood stone structure, with a beamlifting wooden frame, and the columns and column bases are made of stone. Thereare 40 round columns carved from the whole stone, with a diameter of 0.5m. Thereare 24 stone pillars engraved with 12 couplets in gold. In the main hall, claystatues of Liu, Guan and Zhang are restored, and ten stone line drawings of thestory of the three kingdoms are added to the two walls of the gallery. Thepainting is taken from the Ming Dynasty version of the romance of the ThreeKingdoms. The contents of these paintings are: three marriages in Taoyuan, threeheroes fighting against Lu Bu, Zhang Fei whipping the governor post, Liu Beirecruiting relatives, Guan Gong scraping bone to cure poison and so on.
Tomb of Liu Bei:
From Sanyi temple to the west, cross the small bridge, pass Guihe buildingand Qinting, and enter the Red Wall Road surrounded by green bamboo. At the endof the road is Liu Bei's tomb. The earth mound of Liu Bei's tomb is 12 metershigh and covered with green shade. There is a 180 meter long brick wallsurrounding the mausoleum. There are steles and halls in front of themausoleum.
After Liu Bei failed to defeat Wu, he retired to Baidi city and died inApril 223. In May, Zhuge Liang Fuling pivot back to Chengdu, August burial, tombknown as "Huiling.". Huiling is a tomb for husband and wife. At the same time,Mrs. Gan, the mother of empress Liu Chan, was buried. Twenty years later,another wife of Liu Bei, empress Mu Wu, died and was also buried here. This tombis more than 1700 years ago. No theft has been found. The situation in the tombis unknown.
There is a story in Youyang Zazu written by Duan Chengshi in the TangDynasty: a group of tomb robbers entered Liu Bei's Huiling mausoleum on a darknight. When they entered the tomb, they saw that the lights were shining inside.Liu Bei was playing chess with one man and ten warriors stood by one side.Scared out of their wits, the thieves knelt down one after another to beg formercy. Liu Bei waved to the guards to give them jade belts and Qiongjiang. Theydrank the jade paste, tied the jade belt, and climbed out of the hole in panic.Looking back, the hole was naturally sealed. The jade belt became a big snake,wrapped around their waist, and the jade paste became glue and stuck to theirmouth. It is said that no one dares to touch Liu Bei's tomb any more.
Out of Liu Bei's tomb, we come to the newly built exhibition area of "ThreeKingdoms culture". The exhibition area consists of exhibition hall and externalenvironment. The external environment is composed of gods and beasts Tianlu,dispelling evil spirits, remnant pillars of the Han Palace, soldiers fightingfor the country, stone inscriptions on the remnant wall, Linjiang immortal byYang Shen, and preface of stone inscriptions. The exhibition hall is dividedinto five exhibition areas, which are war situation, a glimpse of agricultureand mulberry, folk customs, art and forest, and the lingering charm of Liufeng.There are hundreds of cultural relics, materials and pictures on display. Thecontent is rich and colorful, the artistic technique is vivid and intuitive, andit is a combination of knowledge and appreciation, so it is worth lookingat.
After seeing the exhibition, you can also visit the "listening Oriole hall"by the way. It's a small courtyard. The bonsai in it is worth watching. Thetemporary exhibitions also have cultural taste.